Effect of temperature and viscosity on swimming velocity of the copepod Acartia tonsa, brine shrimp Artemia salina and rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

Effect of temperature on Temora longicornis swimming behaviour: illustration of seasonal effects in a temperate ecosystem

“…It is therefore difficult to differentiate between the direct effect of temperature and the indirect effect of viscosity on the swimming activity of Temora longicornis. However, previous results have indicated environmental changes in viscosity associated with temperature can influence the small-scale processes of marine zooplanktonic organisms (Po dolsky & Emlet 1993, Bolton & Havenhand 1997, even in free-swimming copepods (Larsen et al 2008). Thus, the observed de crease in swimming velocity could have been the result of an adaptation to increased viscosity, which would have involved an increase in the energy required to move the swimming appendages or a mechanical hindrance of the appendages.…”

“…The patterns of zooplankton swimming behaviour may be affected by changing temperature con ditions, i.e. either no change (Metridia longa, Hirche 1987; Calanus finmarchicus, Lenz et al 2005), or a decrease (Acartia tonsa, and C. glacialis, Hirche 1987, Larsen et al 2008 or a rise in swimming activity during warmer conditions (Lenz et al 2005).…”

“…The patterns of zooplankton swimming behaviour may be affected by changing temperature con ditions, i.e. either no change (Metridia longa, Hirche 1987; Calanus finmarchicus, Lenz et al 2005), or a decrease (Acartia tonsa, and C. glacialis, Hirche 1987, Larsen et al 2008 or a rise in swimming activity during warmer conditions (Lenz et al 2005).The effect of seasonal temperature variation on the swimming velocity of copepods, especially Temora longicornis, is not well known, although this variation may be important in the aquatic environment. With rising temperatures in the northern hemisphere (Levitus et al 2000(Levitus et al , 2005, there is a need to study behavioural observations in relation to variations in environmental temperature.…”

Technical and economic feasibility of adding pure oxygen for rotifer production (Brachionus plicatilis) spotted snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) larvae feeding

“…The reported cost for a million of rotifers in this study was higher than those published by Bentley et al, (2008)($ 0.009) and Suantika et al, (2003) ($ 0.048), however, it was lower than Alvarez- Lajonchere and Álvarez et.al, (2013) at a cost of $ 1.65 in batch cultures. Oxygen is used by many authors as a resource to support the stability of rotifer cultures (Kostopoulou et al, 2006;Sayegh et al, 2007;Papakostas et al, 2007;Kobayashi et al ., 2008;Larsen et al 2008;Yin and Zhao, 2008;Cavalin and Weirich, 2009;Mahmoudzadeh et a.l, 2009;Qi et al, 2009), however, in the Pacific Marine Park adding oxygen posed no technical difference (ANOVA p> 0.05) compared to control culture due to several factors; the first is related to the fact that dissolved oxygen was controlled only during the day (it was not mechanized and there were workers who labored night shift) which did not allow a good control of this variable. According to Alvarez-Lajonchere and Álvarez et.al, (2013) results in rotifer cultures depend on the correct technology developed in the laboratory.…”

“…This has encouraged to research on the conditions that optimize the growth of populations of this organism (Kostopoulou et al, 2006;Sayegh et al, 2007;Papakostas et al, 2007;Kobayashi et al, 2008;Larsen et al, 2008;Yin and Zhao, 2008;Cavalin and Weirich, 2009;Mahmoudzadeh et al, 2009;Qi et al, 2009), specifically, may studies related to the addition of pure oxygen as support for rotifer cultures (Yoshimura et al, 1996;Dhert et al, 2001;Yoshimura et al, 2003), however, is necessary to evaluate the economic conditions as well as staff availability and infrastructure before deciding the technique with which to work, as noted by Suantika et al (2003) in their study on rotifers production progress.…”