Effect of temperature on betacyanins synthesis and the transcriptome of Suaeda salsa

Abstract

IntroductionSuaeda salsa (Linn.) Pall. is an important tourist resource and ecological restoration species in coastal wetlands. Environmental factors such as low temperature, darkness, phytohormone, salt stress and seawater flflooding, and light can induce betalain synthesis in S. salsa, which plays an important role in plant adaptation to abiotic stress processes and in shaping the beautiful “red beach” landscape.MethodsIn this study, Illumina sequencing was used to profifile the transcriptome sequence (RNA-Seq) of S. salsa leaves at different temperatures (5° C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C) and to validate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicated by real-time PCR (RT-qPCR).ResultsThe betacyanin content was highest in S. salsa leaves at 15°C. Transcription group data showed that compared to the control group (15°C), the “betacyanin biosynthesis pathway” was signifificantly enriched in the fifive different temperature groups. KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, carbon fifixation in photosynthetic organisms, flflavonoid biosynthesis, and betacyanin biosynthesis. Among the key enzymes involved in biosynthesis of betacyanin, genes for tyrosinase, CYP76AD1 and 4,5-DOPA dioxygenase were signifificantly upregulated and most abundantly expressed at 15°C. It is possible that the gene for betacyanin synthesis from S. salsa is primarily regulated by the MYB1R1 and MYB1 transcription factor. Four DEGs were randomly selected for quantitative PCR analysis, and DEG expression was generally consistent with the RNA-Seq data, verifying the validity of the transcriptome sequencing data.DiscussionRelative to other temperatures, 15°C was optimum for S. salsa betacyanin synthesis, and this provides a theoretical reference for coastal wetland ecological remediation, reveals mechanisms of S. salsa discoloration, and further mines its potential application for landscape vegetation.

Excavation of Genes Response to Heat Resistance by Transcriptome Analysis in Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.)

“…Similar findings have been observed in other plants. For example, the expression of Suaeda salsa bHLH35 (the homolog of HG10006168) was significantly up-regulated after HS treatment [38]. In eggplant, the transcript levels of bHLH35 were also found to be up-regulated at 38 • C for 3 h and 6 h [39].…”

Microbial community assembly and functional profiles along the soil-root continuum of salt-tolerant Suaeda glauca and Suaeda salsa

“…Excessive Na + was found to trigger overproduction of ROS and damage plant organelles (Ma et al, 2023). Betacyanin is a secondary metabolite produced by plants under stress (Li et al, 2023), and its production and changes have a stronger correspondence and correlation with the environment than primary metabolites. Research has shown that betacyanin provides photoprotective light screening and potentially functions as a ROS-scavenger (Gengatharan et al, 2015;Zhou et al, 2021).…”