Effect of Temperature on Pathogenicity Components of Tomato Bacterial Spot and Competition Between Xanthomonas Perforans and X. Gardneri

Araújo, Edivânio Rodrigues de; Pereira, R.C.; Ferreira, Maria Lurdes; Filho, Adalberto Corrêa Café; Moita, A. W.; Quezado-Duval, A. M.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2011.914.3

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Limited areas of bacterial spot lesions on X. vesicatoria-infected leaves would mean limited bioavailable resources for S. enterica to use. Although with our experimental design, X. vesicatoria caused minimal tissue damage, as indicated by conductivity measurements, X. vesicatoria can cause severe disease at lower temperatures (20°C) (20). Under such conditions, X. vesicatoria-infected plants could pose a risk of supporting S. enterica growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…To further examine the interactions between human enteric pathogens and phytobacterial pathogens in planta, we measured S. enterica and Xanthomonas populations over a 2-week period. Four Xanthomonas species cause a single disease, bacterial spot of tomato, with differential disease severities (13,20). These four species cause various amounts and types of disease symptoms (15), which include brown-black necrotic lesions, coalesced lesions with a blighted appearance, and water-soaking.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant Pathogen-Induced Water-Soaking Promotes Salmonella enterica Growth on Tomato Leaves

Potnis

Colee

Jones

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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c Plant pathogen infection is a critical factor for the persistence of Salmonella enterica on plants. We investigated the mechanisms responsible for the persistence of S. enterica on diseased tomato plants by using four diverse bacterial spot Xanthomonas species that differ in disease severities. Xanthomonas euvesicatoria and X. gardneri infection fostered S. enterica growth, while X. perforans infection did not induce growth but supported the persistence of S. enterica. X. vesicatoria-infected leaves harbored S. enterica populations similar to those on healthy leaves. Growth of S. enterica was associated with extensive water-soaking and necrosis in X. euvesicatoria-and X. gardneri-infected plants. The contribution of water-soaking to the growth of S. enterica was corroborated by an increased growth of populations on water-saturated leaves in the absence of a plant pathogen. S. enterica aggregates were observed with bacterial spot lesions caused by either X. euvesicatoria or X. vesicatoria; however, more S. enterica aggregates formed on X. euvesicatoria-infected leaves as a result of larger lesion sizes per leaf area and extensive watersoaking. Sparsely distributed lesions caused by X. vesicatoria infection do not support the overall growth of S. enterica or aggregates in areas without lesions or water-soaking; S. enterica was observed as single cells and not aggregates. Thus, pathogeninduced water-soaking and necrosis allow S. enterica to replicate and proliferate on tomato leaves. The finding that the pathogen-induced virulence phenotype affects the fate of S. enterica populations in diseased plants suggests that targeting of plant pathogen disease is important in controlling S. enterica populations on plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Pathogen-Induced Water-Soaking Promotes Salmonella enterica Growth on Tomato Leaves

Potnis

Colee

Jones

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Disease is favoured by various temperatures and by high precipitation, depending on the particular bacterial species (Araújo et al ., ). Xanthomonas gardneri has been found primarily in cooler temperature regions (Jones et al ., ).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Xanthomonas gardneri has been found primarily in cooler temperature regions (Jones et al ., ). In addition, one study has shown that X. gardneri caused more disease at 20 °C than did other bacterial spot xanthomonads (Araújo et al ., ).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Next‐generation sequencing analyses have revealed that the two tomato pathogens, X. gardneri and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato , which both prefer lower optimal temperature for infection (Araújo et al ., ), share a number of type III effectors, including xopAO , xopAS and avrBs1 , which are absent from other bacterial spot xanthomonads. The acquisition of these effectors in X. gardneri might be one of the factors causing the unusual aggressiveness of these strains on tomato (Potnis et al ., ).…”

Section: Molecular Aspects Of Host–pathogen Interactionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Bacterial spot of tomato and pepper: diverse Xanthomonas species with a wide variety of virulence factors posing a worldwide challenge

Potnis

Timilsina

Strayer

et al. 2015

Molecular Plant Pathology

219

168

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Worldwide distribution of X. euvesicatoria and X. vesicatoria on tomato and pepper; X. perforans and X. gardneri increasingly being isolated from the USA, Canada, South America, Africa and Europe. A wide diversity within the bacterial spot disease complex, with an ability to cause disease at different temperatures, makes this pathogen group a worldwide threat to tomato and pepper production. Recent advances in genome analyses have revealed the evolution of the pathogen with a plethora of novel virulence factors. Current management strategies rely on the use of various chemical control strategies and sanitary measures to minimize pathogen spread through contaminated seed. Chemical control strategies have been a challenge because of resistance by the pathogen. Breeding programmes have been successful in developing commercial lines with hypersensitive and quantitative resistance. However, durability of resistance has been elusive. Recently, a transgenic approach has resulted in the development of tomato genotypes with significant levels of resistance and improved yield that hold promise. In this article, we discuss the current taxonomic status, distribution of the four species, knowledge of virulence factors, detection methods and strategies for disease control with possible directions for future research.

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Isolation, characterization, and evaluation of putative new bacteriophages for controlling bacterial spot on tomato in Brazil

de Sousa,

Janssen,

Rosa

et al. 2023

Arch Virol

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Bacterial spot is a highly damaging tomato disease caused by several species of the genus Xanthomonas. Bacteriophages have been studied for their potential use as a biological control method for bacterial diseases. Parte superior do formulário In the present study, bacteriophages were obtained from soil and tomato leaves in commercial elds in Brazil with the aim of obtaining biological control agents against bacterial spot. Phage isolation was carried out through co-cultivation with isolates of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans (Xp), which was prevalent in the collected areas. In the host range evaluation, no phage was able to induce a lytic cycle in all bacterial isolates. Then, in the in vivo tests, when Xpisolates were sensitive to the used phages, we observed that the prior application of phage suspension led to a reduction in the severity of the disease. The disease control level provided by phage application was equal to or greater than that obtained by the use of copper hydroxide. Electron microscopy analysis showed that all phages had similar morphology, with head-tails structure, similar to those viruses of the order Caudovirales. The observed short, non-contractile tubular tails strongly indicated that phages belong to the family Autographiviridae. Phylogenetic analysis con rmed it, and revealed that the phages belong to the genus Pradovirus. The phages are closely related to each other and potentially belong a new species of the genus. These phages will be evaluated in future studies against other tomato Xanthomonads strains to assess their potential as biological control agents.

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Effect of Temperature on Pathogenicity Components of Tomato Bacterial Spot and Competition Between Xanthomonas Perforans and X. Gardneri

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Plant Pathogen-Induced Water-Soaking Promotes Salmonella enterica Growth on Tomato Leaves

Plant Pathogen-Induced Water-Soaking Promotes Salmonella enterica Growth on Tomato Leaves

Bacterial spot of tomato and pepper: diverse Xanthomonas species with a wide variety of virulence factors posing a worldwide challenge

Isolation, characterization, and evaluation of putative new bacteriophages for controlling bacterial spot on tomato in Brazil

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