Effect of temperature on pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in mud crab, Scylla serrata (Forsskål), following oral administration

Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin following a single oral gavage (10 mg kg(-1)) in mud crab, Scylla serrata, at water temperatures of 19 and 26 degrees C. Enrofloxacin concentration in haemolymph was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A multiple and repeated haemolymph sampling from the articular cavity of crab periopods was developed. The haemolymph of an individual crab was successfully sampled up to 11 times from the articular cavity. The profile of haemolymph enrofloxacin concentration of an individual crab versus time was thus achieved. The mean haemolymph enrofloxacin concentration versus time was described by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption at two water temperatures. The peak concentrations of haemolymph enrofloxacin at 19 and 26 degrees C were 7.26 and 11.03 mug mL(-1), at 6 and 2 h, respectively. The absorption and distribution half-life time ( and t(1/2alpha)) at 19 degrees C were 3.7 and 4.5 h, respectively, which were markedly larger than the corresponding values (1.1 and 1.5 h) at 26 degrees C; the elimination half-life time (t(1/2beta)) was 79.1 and 56.5 h at 19 and 26 degrees C, respectively. The area under curve (AUC), total body clearance (Cl) and mean residence time (MRT(0-infinity)) at 19 degrees C were 636.0 mg L(-1) h, 0.016 L h(-1) kg(-1) and 102.5 h, respectively; the corresponding values at 26 degrees C were 583.4 mg L(-1) h, 0.018 L h(-1) kg(-1)and 63.7 h. These results indicate that enrofloxacin is absorbed and eliminated more rapidly in mud crab at 26 degrees C than at 19 degrees C.

Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in Atlantic horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) after single injection

“…Our studies with sea stars showed an elimination T½ after injection was approximately 43 hr, which was similar to the T½ in the giant freshwater prawn following oral administration, but longer than the T½ of the European cuttlefish, Manila clam, ridgetail white prawn ( Exopalaemon carinicauda ), and green sea urchin ( Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis ) (Chang, Gao, Li, & Liu, ; Gore et al., ; Liang et al., ; Phillips et al., ; Poapolathep et al., ). In Chinese mitten‐handed crabs ( Eriocheir sinensis ) that received 5 mg/kg enrofloxacin injection, and mud crabs that received 10 mg/kg enrofloxacin orally (Fang et al., ; Wu, Meng, Zhu, & Huang, ), the T½ of enrofloxacin was 52.4 hr and 79 or 56 hr (depending on temperature), respectively.…”

“…Fang et al. () showed that higher water temperatures (26° vs 19°C) was a significant factor by increasing clearance of enrofloxacin. Future studies to consider the effect of temperature has on the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in horseshoe crabs would be of value.…”

Residual pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in aquatic environment - status, toxicity and kinetics: a review

“…However, with oxytetracyline treatment t ½ α and t ½ β values were larger in finfish than crustaceans. Fang et al(2008) considered an open circulatory system in crustaceans, as contrasted to closed systems in finfish, as another reason for differences in certain pharmacokinetic parameters between crustaceans and finfish.…”

“…Crustaceans, including crabs and shrimp, are the preferred invertebrates used as research objects. Plasma concentration-time data has been best fitted in open two-compartmental models following intramuscular injection in species such as P. monodon, L. s. setiferus (Reed et al, 2004) and S. serrata (Fang et al, 2008). Whereas the pharmacokinetics of oxytetracyline in A. anguilla and O. mykiss after oral administration were described by a one compartmental model, oxytetracyline blood concentration-time curves of O. tshawytscha and O. mykiss treated through the intra-arterial route were simulated by a three-compartmental open pharmacokinetic model.…”

“…Therefore, knowledge on the pharmacokinetic properties of the chemicals in the actual species is vital. A number of studies have addressed the kinetics of pharmaceuticals, such as enrofloxacin, flumequine, oxolinc acid and oxytetracyline, commonly used in aquaculture (Stoffregen et al, 1997;Hansen et al, 2003;Ueno et al, 2004;Fang et al, 2008). However, extrapolation of pharmacokinetic data obtained in one species to another species should be treated with caution, because pharmacokinetics parameters may be affected by factors such as tested species, water temperature, route of administration, and other experimental conditions (Samuelsen, 2006).…”