“…80–82 Most likely these findings are attributed to the effect of high reaction temperature that leads to the accelerated nucleation of metallic NPs implying the improved expenditure of most of the metal ions with the lowest extent of secondary reduction of the preformed nuclei. 81,83 Figure 4.UV/Vis spectra as a function of temperature of ED-AuNPs synthesized using 1.4 × 10 −4 M HAuCl 4 and 1.0 mL EDAE.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The obtained results are consistent with the previous findings reporting the increased reaction rate of NPs synthesis upon increasing the reaction temperature, indicating that it is tightly temperature-dependent. [80][81][82] Most likely these findings are attributed to the effect of high reaction temperature that leads to the accelerated nucleation of metallic NPs implying the improved expenditure of most of the metal ions with the lowest extent of secondary reduction of the preformed nuclei. 81,83 Effect of pH.…”
Novel metallic nanoparticles (NPs), such as biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), have been extensively studied because of their wide applications. Consequently, the present investigation aimed at the biosynthesis, characterization, and comparative assessment of biological activities of AuNPs. Biosynthesized AuNPs (ED-AuNPs) were synthesized using aqueous extract of Euphorbia dendroides ( E. dendroides) aerial parts (EDAE), which functions as a reducing and stabilizing agent by its nature. Presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides/or carbohydrates, steroids, and terpenes was revealed by the qualitative phytochemical analysis of EDAE. Characterization of the biosynthesized AuNPs was attained by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), XRD, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The cytotoxic effects of ED-AuNPs and EDAE were assessed in vitro against HepG2 and HCT-116 cancer cells. The MTT assay revealed a significant cytotoxic effect of ED-AuNPs and EDAE on HepG2 (IC50 = 41.72 ± 1.26 and 55.26 ± 2.25 μg mL−1) as well as HCT-116 (IC50 = 44.96 ± 3.23 and 69.83 ± 0.96 μg mL−1) cells, thus indicating their potential anticancer activity. Furthermore, ED-AuNPs exhibited potent anti-diabetic activity, with an IC50 value of 19.8 ± 1.97 µg mL−1, pointing to their plausible use as therapeutics in the treatment of diabetes, as well as a promising antimicrobial activity against H. pylori.
“…80–82 Most likely these findings are attributed to the effect of high reaction temperature that leads to the accelerated nucleation of metallic NPs implying the improved expenditure of most of the metal ions with the lowest extent of secondary reduction of the preformed nuclei. 81,83 Figure 4.UV/Vis spectra as a function of temperature of ED-AuNPs synthesized using 1.4 × 10 −4 M HAuCl 4 and 1.0 mL EDAE.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The obtained results are consistent with the previous findings reporting the increased reaction rate of NPs synthesis upon increasing the reaction temperature, indicating that it is tightly temperature-dependent. [80][81][82] Most likely these findings are attributed to the effect of high reaction temperature that leads to the accelerated nucleation of metallic NPs implying the improved expenditure of most of the metal ions with the lowest extent of secondary reduction of the preformed nuclei. 81,83 Effect of pH.…”
Novel metallic nanoparticles (NPs), such as biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), have been extensively studied because of their wide applications. Consequently, the present investigation aimed at the biosynthesis, characterization, and comparative assessment of biological activities of AuNPs. Biosynthesized AuNPs (ED-AuNPs) were synthesized using aqueous extract of Euphorbia dendroides ( E. dendroides) aerial parts (EDAE), which functions as a reducing and stabilizing agent by its nature. Presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides/or carbohydrates, steroids, and terpenes was revealed by the qualitative phytochemical analysis of EDAE. Characterization of the biosynthesized AuNPs was attained by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), XRD, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The cytotoxic effects of ED-AuNPs and EDAE were assessed in vitro against HepG2 and HCT-116 cancer cells. The MTT assay revealed a significant cytotoxic effect of ED-AuNPs and EDAE on HepG2 (IC50 = 41.72 ± 1.26 and 55.26 ± 2.25 μg mL−1) as well as HCT-116 (IC50 = 44.96 ± 3.23 and 69.83 ± 0.96 μg mL−1) cells, thus indicating their potential anticancer activity. Furthermore, ED-AuNPs exhibited potent anti-diabetic activity, with an IC50 value of 19.8 ± 1.97 µg mL−1, pointing to their plausible use as therapeutics in the treatment of diabetes, as well as a promising antimicrobial activity against H. pylori.
“…The FTIR spectra after reduction of turmeric crude extract showed peak at 3334 cm -1 belongs to the -OH group which, in this case, can be attributed to the phenolic compounds of turmeric extract. A second important stretching vibration is recorded at 1635 cm -1 which, although may be considered as benzene ring containing aromatic compounds, may also be taken into account for phenolic compounds as they exhibit strong vibration on this wavenumber [37][38][39]. Overall, the FTIR analysis indicates that the phytochemicals present in the turmeric crude extract are responsible for the bioreduction and stability of GNPs.…”
There is a great interest in the development of green protocols to avoid environmental and health hazards. In this research, the eco-friendly and cost-effective synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) has been achieved by the green method using ethanolic turmeric crude extract at pH 7. The bioac-tive compounds of turmeric crude extract are responsible for the reduction, capping and sta-bility of the GNPs. The characterization of GNPs was carried out by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The UV-vis spectral study indicated the formation of GNPs with a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 547 nm. FTIR analysis of turmeric crude extract and GNPs showed that phenolic groups reduced the gold ions. The FESEM analysis showed the polydisperse morphology of GNPs with average size of 26.6 nm±7.4 nm. The elemental composition determined by EDX re-vealed the presence of gold. The synthesized GNPs can be useful in a variety of applications involving medicine, cosmetics, environment and nutraceutical.
“…The following section will cover the various parameters that have been previously discovered to affect the characteristics of green synthesized nanoparticles. These include factors such as concentration [ 141 ], reaction temperature [ 142 ], contact time [ 143 ], pH level [ 144 ], and calcination temperature [ 145 ]. With analyzing how the size and morphologies react to the different parameters, it may be possible to tweak the process to obtain the nanoparticles’ desired characteristics for future researchers.…”
Section: Factors Affecting the Green Synthesis Of Nanoparticlesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Readapted graphs displaying ( a ) The UV-vis spectrum of Centella asiatica -mediated AuNPs at different temperatures [ 142 ]. ( b ) The effect of varying synthesis temperatures of green AgNPs [ 154 ].…”
In recent years, many researchers have begun to shift their focus onto the synthesis of nanomaterials as this field possesses immense potential that may provide incredible technological advances in the near future. The downside of conventional synthesis techniques, such as co-precipitation, sol-gel and hydrothermal methods, is that they necessitate the use of toxic chemicals, produce harmful by-products and require a considerable amount of energy; therefore, more sustainable fabrication routes are sought-after. Biological molecules have been previously utilized as precursors for nanoparticle synthesis, thus eliminating the negative factors involved in traditional methods. In addition, transition-metal nanoparticles possess a wide scope of applications due to their multiple oxidation states and large surface areas, thereby allowing for a higher reactivity when compared to their bulk counterpart and rendering them an interesting research topic. However, this field is still relatively unknown and unpredictable as the biosynthesis of these nanostructures from fungi, bacteria and plants yield undesired diameters and morphologies, rendering them as redundant when compared to their chemically synthesized counterparts. Therefore, this review aims to obtain a better understanding on the plant-mediated synthesis process of the major transition-metal and transition-metal oxide nanoparticles, and how process parameters—concentration, temperature, contact time, pH level, and calcination temperature affect their unique properties such as particle size, morphologies, and crystallinity.
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