Effect of Temperature on the Radial Exchange of Labelled Water in Maize Roots

House, C. R.; Jarvis, P.

doi:10.1093/jxb/19.1.31

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A value for Pd of approximately 3 x 10-2 cm sec' at 20 C is calculated for ivy bark cells after correcting for internal unstirred layers by the method described by Stout et al (22 Elodea leaves were found to have a Pd S 4.7 x 10-2 cm sec' (22) and Chlorella cells were found to have a Pd = 2.1 x 10-' cm sec' (23). If the estimate of Pd for ivy bark is typical of multicellular plant membranes, the membrane water permeability of multicellular plants is high and within the range found for liposomes (15) and single cells (6, 23) rather than extremely low as reported by Jarvis and House (13). Using our estimate of Pd for ivy membranes it was argued that it would not be necessary for Pd to increase during cold acclimation of ivy plants to prevent intracellular ice formation during natural freezing (24).…”

supporting

confidence: 55%

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Times and Plasmalemma Water Exchange in Ivy Bark

Stout¹,

Steponkus²,

Cotts

1978

Plant Physiol.

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Measurement of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times (transverse lT21 and longitudinal IT1I) for Hedera helix L. cv. Thorndale (ivy) bark water hndcates the presence of at least two populations of water with different relaxation characteristics. One population of water with short T2 and T1 was found to be composed of both hydration water and extracellular free water. The second population of water with long T2 and T1 was identified as intracellular bulk water.NMR relaxation of extracellular water protons is controlled by cell wall surface effects, possibly due to bindg of paramagnetic cations by the cell walls. NMR relaxation of intracellular water protons is controlled by both water exchange to the extracellular environment and chemical exchange with a population of protons that is chemically shifted from that of the bulk water. The relaxatin time of Intracefular water is not measurably affected, either by intracellular paramagnetic ions or by increased viscosity of intracelular water. Manganese flux into the cells occurs at 1.7 x IO-`6 moles cm 2 seconds-' and is independent of extracellular Mn2I concentration In the range 5 to 20 mm.The intracellular-extracellular water exchange time of ivy bark was found to be predominantly limited by meinbrane water penneability. A diffusional water permeability coefficient (Pd) of approximately 3 x 10-2 cm seconds-' was calculated for ivy cell membranes at 20 C.The diffusional water permeability coefficient of multicellular plant tissue is difficult to measure because of extracellular unstirred layers of water (associated with cell walls) which offer resistance to diffusion of labeled water (5,14 Another potential source of error to T'2a that must be considered when using the Conlon-Outhred technique is whether or not the added Mn + is altering Pd and thus Ta. The divalent cation Ca2+ alters water permeability of artificial lipid membranes (16). Conlon and Outhred (4) found no significant source of error in their measurements from effect of added Mn2+.The present study was performed to measure Pd of a complex multicellular plant system. Since water permeability may play an important role in drought (25) and cold (18) hardiness of plants, bark of Hedera helix, a plant tissue which can cold acclimate, was chosen. The NMR transverse relaxation properties of ivy bark were studied in some detail to determine if the principle of NMR used by Conlon and Outhred (4) could be used to measure Pd of ivy membranes. A study of NMR relaxation processes in ivy bark is also of interest since relaxation times may be interpreted to indicate the degree of molecular mobility of cellular water (2,12

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supporting

confidence: 55%

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Times and Plasmalemma Water Exchange in Ivy Bark

Stout¹,

Steponkus²,

Cotts

1978

Plant Physiol.

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“…The number of investigations into factors which influence water permeability remains meager in comparison with the literature on permeability to solutes. However, it has recently been enlarged by a series of interesting papers on maize roots (4,9,17). The striking finding reported in these papers, that permeability to water in this tissue depends on metabolic energy, underlines the fact that water permeability is a complex property which is as yet very poorly understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced Changes in Permeability of Plant Cell Membranes to Water

Glinka

Reinhold

1972

Plant Physiol.

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The half-time for THO equilibration was three times longer for a living carrot (Daucus carota L.) cylinder than for a dead one. Furthermore, the energy of activation of THO flux was more than twice as high for the living cylinder. Passage through living membranes thus constitutes a rate-limiting step for THO flux in carrot tissue.CO2 increased the half-time (t1/2) for THO equilibration.Treatment with abscisic acid or with tertiary butanol decreased t1/2. In neither case was the selective permeability of the membrane destroyed.p-Chloromercuribenzoate and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, if supplied together with abscisic acid or tertiary butanol, abolished their action. If abscisic acid or butanol was first allowed to act alone, its effect was stable to subsequent treatment with the inhibitors. p-Chloromercuribenzoate and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone at concentrations at which they affected abscisic acid and butanol action, did not influence THO flux in control tissue. At considerably higher concentrations, however, 2 ,4-dinitrophenol and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone raised t1,2. The CO2 effect was very rapidly reversible. Full reversal of the butanol effect required 3 hours, and that of abscisic acid required 4 days. This paper extends our earlier studies (6) on reversible changes in permeability of plant cells membranes to water. We previously drew attention to the scantiness of the literature on this subject. The number of investigations into factors which influence water permeability remains meager in comparison with the literature on permeability to solutes. However, it has recently been enlarged by a series of interesting papers on maize roots (4, 9, 17). The striking finding reported in these papers, that permeability to water in this tissue depends on metabolic energy, underlines the fact that water permeability is a complex property which is as yet very poorly understood.In our earlier studies we observed hydraulic conductivity. Here we report on labeled water exchange, i.e., diffusional permeability. This technique avoids the complications due to the possibly rate-limiting role played by solute diffusion in the osmotic studies (15). We bring evidence for a metabolically dependent action of both abscisic acid and tertiary butanol which leads to substantially increased permeability to water without inducing leakage of solutes. MATERIALS AND METHODSRoot storage tissue of Daucus carota L. was used in these experiments. Cylinders of xylem parenchyma 6.2 mm in diameter and 20 mm in length were excised and washed in running tap water for 3 hr. They were then transferred to aerated tap water at 18 C for 1 to 4 days until required for the experiments. During this period the intercellular spaces became injected.When dead cylinders were investigated, the cells were killed by exposing to chloroform vapor or by freezing and thawing. In order that the final dimensions of living and dead cylinders should be equal in the experiments in spite of the lack of turgor and consequent ...

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“…Activation energies higher than necessary for the flow in free solution were also found in eggs of Arbaciapunctulata (Lucke & McCutcheon, 1932), sheep erythrocytes (Widdas, 1951), Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (Hempling, 1960), toad bladder (Hays & Leaf, 1962), and plant cells (House & Jarvis, 1968).…”

Section: The Effect Of Temperature On the Diffusional Flux Of Watermentioning

confidence: 76%

The state of water in the outer barrier of the isolated frog skin

Grigera

Cereijido

1971

J. Membrain Biol.

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The flux of water across the outer barrier of the frog skin is generally regarded as the rate-limiting step in the movement of water across the whole membrane. This paper presents some evidence that, at room temperature, the flux of water across the outer barrier occurs through water in a non-liquid state. The organization of water in a non-liquid state lowers the diffusion coefficient of water through water by several orders of magnitude. The study employs a method recently developed in this laboratory which permits measurement of unidirectional fluxes at the outermost part of an epithelial membrane mounted as a flat sheet. Only above 25°C is the activation energy for the flow of tritiated water (4.3 kcal mole(-1)) similar to the one observed in free water (4.6 kcal mole(-1)). At temperatures around 15°C, the energy of activation is 8.5 kcal mole(-1). At temperatures near 0°C, at which the frog lives only part of the year, the energy of activation is 16.7 kcal mole(-1).

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Effect of Temperature on the Radial Exchange of Labelled Water in Maize Roots

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Times and Plasmalemma Water Exchange in Ivy Bark

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Times and Plasmalemma Water Exchange in Ivy Bark

Induced Changes in Permeability of Plant Cell Membranes to Water

The state of water in the outer barrier of the isolated frog skin

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