Effect of tempering on the chemical and phase composition of M_xC_yprecipitates in low carbon chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steel

Calculation of stationary creep rate of tempered martensite

“…By tempering and testing of high chromium creep resistant steels at 800 and 580uC also particles of Laves phase (FeCr) 2 /MoW) could precipitate. 27 These phases were not found in examined steel tempered at 800uC, 28 while their precipitation at 580uC would occur after a much longer heating time. 27 The explanation may be in the difference of chemical composition of the examined steels in both references.…”

Coarsening Rate of M23C6and MC Particles in a High Chromium Creep Resistant Steel

“…The experimental dependence average particle size – annealing time in Figure consists of two parts: the initial part of rapid growth of iron carbide (FeC 3 ) particles with increasing content of chromium and the part with lower growth rate of M 23 C 6 particles after about 48 h with increasing content of chromium and decreasing content of iron to about Cr 18 Fe 3 Mo 2 C 6 after about 168 h of annealing . Similar compositions of M 23 C 6 particles were found for steels P 91 creep tested for 34 000 h and 113 000 h at 600°C…”

Dependence of accelerated creep rate on carbide particle distribution in martensite for 0·18C–11·5Cr–0·29V steel

“…Specimens of steel X20 (0?18C-11?5Cr-1?08Mo-0?29V) were quenched and tempered for up to 1344 h at 1073 K. 10 The steel was used because, after a sufficient long tempering at 1073 K, virtually, only the presence of carbide particles M x C y with Cr, Fe and Mo was established, and the absence of Laves phases 5 and MC were verified. 12 Uniaxial accelerated creep tests were carried out on specimens tempered for a different time with 100 h constant stress of 170 MPa at 853 K, earlier found to be sensitive to the effect of carbide particle distribution on creep rate. 3,10 The specimens have a diameter of 4?2 mm, gauge length of 30 mm and total length of 80 mm.…”