Effect of Tenuazonic Acid on Young Chickens

Giambrone, J. J.; Davis, N. D.; Diener, U. L.

doi:10.3382/ps.0571554

Cited by 49 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, in this case, because immunosuppressive pathogens were not isolated, we speculate that stress associated with farm conditions might have contributed to the outbreak of gizzard erosion. Furthermore, there are many other conditions that can produce gizzard erosions, such as histamine, gizzerosine, mycotoxins, and vitamin deficiencies, which can result in lesions that are indistinguishable from those resulting from FAdV-1 infection (Harry and Tucker, 1976;Giambrone et al, 1978;Okazaki et al, 1983). Therefore, we cannot exclude the possibility that the more severe clinical signs and lesions of the commercial birds might have been accentuated by some other contributing factors like the ones previously mentioned.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Outbreak of gizzard erosion associated with fowl adenovirus infection in Korea

Lim

Kim

et al. 2012

Poultry Science

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The pathogenicity of a fowl adenovirus serotype-1 (FAdV-1, K181 strain) isolated from a case of gizzard erosion in layer chickens was investigated in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks. One-week-old SPF chicks were inoculated orally or intramuscularly with the isolate of FAdV-1 and euthanized for necropsy at 7, 14, and 21 d postinoculation. Although there were no clinical signs after inoculation, gizzard erosions were observed grossly and the virus was recovered from the gizzards in the inoculated chickens. Histologically, in the chickens that were infected orally, the lesions found in the gizzard consisted of severe degeneration and necrosis of glandular epitheliums and eosinophilic inclusion bodies. These results indicate that the Korean FAdV-1 isolate could induce gizzard lesions in chickens. Moreover, the present investigation reproduced an outbreak of gizzard erosion caused by FAdV-1 infection and, for the first time, described the isolation of FAdV-1 from chickens in Korea. These findings provide important information on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of FAdV-1 infection in chickens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Outbreak of gizzard erosion associated with fowl adenovirus infection in Korea

Lim

Kim

et al. 2012

Poultry Science

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“…to 3-week old broilers for 3 weeks resulted in decreased weight gain and lowered feed efficiency during the second and third week of toxin administration. Although no mortality or morbidity was noted in chickens from the 3 groups, marked macroscopic and microscopic lesions were observed, including enlarged and mottled spleen, haemorrhage in the intestinal lumen and in thigh muscle (Giambrone et al, 1978).…”

Section: Farm and Companion Animalsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The reported LD 50 of TeA for day-old chicks is 37.5 mg/kg b.w. (oral) (Giambrone et al, 1978). TeA given in the diet at 10 mg/kg of feed or by daily oesophageal intubation at the levels of 1.25 or 2.5 mg/kg b.w.…”

Section: Farm and Companion Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence ofAlternariatoxins in feed and food

2011

EFSA Journal

410

188

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The European Commission asked the European Food Safety Authority to review the safety of Alternaria toxins in food and feed. In addition to causing plant diseases on many crops such as cereals, oilseeds, tomatoes, apples and olives, some of these toxins are genotoxic in vitro and/or fetotoxic in rats. This opinion deals with alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, tenuazonic acid, iso-tenuazonic acid, altertoxins, tentoxin, altenuene and AAL-toxins (Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici toxins). Two Member States provided 11,730 occurrence results in food and also data published in the scientific literature were considered. Generally these toxins were found in grains and grain-based products, tomato and tomato products, sunflower seeds and sunflower oil, fruits and fruit products, and beer and wine. The feed occurrence data (1150 results) were collected from the literature only. The knowledge on toxic effects of Alternaria toxins on farm and companion animals and occurrence data in feed were insufficient to assess the health risk for different species. For chicken there are indications that alternariol represents a health risk but it cannot be excluded that tenuazonic acid could also be of concern. Considering: (1) there are few or no relevant toxicity data on Alternaria toxins, (2) the chemical structure of several of them is known, (3) dietary exposure data exist for some of them, the Panel on Contaminants in the food chain used the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) approach to assess the relative level of concern for dietary exposure of humans to these mycotoxins. For the genotoxic Alternaria toxins, alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether, the estimated chronic dietary exposure exceeded the relevant TTC value indicating a need for additional toxicity data. The dietary exposure estimates for nongenotoxic tentoxin and tenuazonic acid are lower than the relevant TTC value and are considered unlikely to be a human health concern. SUMMARYAlternaria toxins are mycotoxins produced by Alternaria species that cause plant diseases on many crops. They are the principal contaminating fungi in wheat, sorghum and barley, and have also been reported to occur in oilseeds such as sunflower and rapeseed, tomato, apples, citrus fruits, olives and several other fruits and vegetables. Alternaria alternata is the most common Alternaria species in harvested fruits and vegetables, and is the most important mycotoxin-producing species. Due to their growth even at low temperature, Alternaria species are also responsible for spoilage of these commodities during refrigerated transport and storage.Alternaria species produce more than 70 phytotoxins, but a small proportion of them have been chemically characterised and reported to act as mycotoxins to humans and animals. Some toxins such as alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tenuazonic acid (TeA) and altertoxins (ATX) are described to induce harmful effects in animals, including fetotoxic and teratogenic effects. Culture extracts of A. altern...

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“…Alternaria species produce different mycotoxins such as Alternariol (AOH), Alternariol methyl ether (AME), Altenuen (ALT), and Tenuazonic acid (TeA). These substances are known to have toxic effects on cultures of human, animal, plant, and bacterial cells (2,4,5,14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Toxic Effects of Alternaria Toxins on Esophagus of Mice by Light and Electron Microscopy

et al. 2001

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In this study, the possible toxic effects of Alternariol Methyl Ether (AME) and Tenuazonic Acid (TeA) produced by Alternaria species on esophagu s of mice were investigated by using light and electron microscopy techniques. Mice were orally fed daily with AME or TeA for 10 months and at the end of this period, the effects of these chemicals on the esophagea l mucosa were determined. By light microscopi c examination, moderate and severe dysplasia characterized by loss of polarity, nuclear pleomorphism , and hyperchromasi a were observed in TeA-treated animals. Electron-microscopi c examination of TeA-treated mucosal epithelial cells revealed pyknosis in some nuclei, granulation and increase in chromatin mass, irregularities in the nuclear contours, vacuolization in nucleoplasms , and marked pleomorphism in the nuclei. In conclusion, our results suggested that TeA has higher toxicity as evidenced by dysplastic transformation.

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Effect of Tenuazonic Acid on Young Chickens

Cited by 49 publications

References 10 publications

Outbreak of gizzard erosion associated with fowl adenovirus infection in Korea

Outbreak of gizzard erosion associated with fowl adenovirus infection in Korea

Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence ofAlternariatoxins in feed and food

Analysis of Toxic Effects of Alternaria Toxins on Esophagus of Mice by Light and Electron Microscopy

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