Effect of the Anti-Inflammatory Diet in People with Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Study

Abstract

Introduction: Inflammation underlies a variety of chronic medical conditions, including diabetes. The anti-inflammatory diet, one that excludes foods that may stimulate inflammation and includes foods that reduce inflammation, may improve inflammatory biomarkers in people with diabetes and pre-diabetes.
 Study Design: Thirty participants with diabetes or pre-diabetes were randomized (2:1) in a controlled feeding study that compared the anti-inflammatory diet (n=20) to a control diet (n=10) based on the American Diabetes Association recommendations. Diets were matched for protein, carbohydrate, fat, and fiber content as closely as possible. Participants were fed an isocaloric diet for 2 weeks, followed by continued ad libitum feeding in their dietary group assignment for an additional 4 weeks. All meals were prepared by the study team.
 Outcomes: Primary outcomes included inflammatory markers, including cytokines and hsCRP. Secondary outcomes included body weight and biomarkers for cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
 Results: Both diets resulted in trends in reduced markers of inflammation, especially with weight loss. In addition, glucose, lipids, and triglycerides all trended downward, also non-significantly and equally in both groups.
 Conclusion: Dietary change can improve inflammation as well as other cardiometabolic risk factors. In this study, the anti-inflammatory diet did not affect markers of inflammation more than the control diet.

Anti-Inflammatory Strategies Targeting Metaflammation in Type 2 Diabetes

“…However, we can infer this indirectly since the intensity of inflammatory infiltration in tissues has been evaluated in none of these studies. What is also worth mentioning, the benefits in the inflammatory status could be contributed to the weight loss rather than the specific elimination of pro-inflammatory compounds and/or inclusion of compounds with anti-inflammatory properties shown in vitro [88]. Moreover, most clinical studies on the influence of the dietary intervention on the course of metaflammation have several limitations that include: (i) small sample sizes, limiting the power of the intervention to detect an effect; (ii) lack of a transparent definition of the dietary intervention, rendering it difficult to evaluate the role of a particular dietary modification on the inflammatory status; (iii) difficulties in assessing compliance with dietary recommendations.…”

The Effect of Dietary Patterns on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…Our literature search found 842 references from a systematic search of electronic databases, of which 47 full-text-available studies were retrieved and screened for eligibility as part of the selection process ( Figure 1 ). After reviewing the full texts of 19 articles, nine were eliminated because they did not meet the inclusion criteria; one study was duplicate study population [ 23 ]; two studies had ineligible study design, and they were excluded because they reported the outcome for adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) as a binary variable (adherence or not adherence) without quantitative biomarkers [ 24 , 25 ]; two studies were part of a macro-project, and we used the eligible study version with the longest duration period [ 26 , 27 ]; one study compared lifestyle interventions with the use of insulin as medication [ 28 ]; one study showed incomplete monitoring assessment (no final values were presented, only basal values) [ 29 ]; one was a pilot study [ 30 ]; another was excluded due to a lack of data about biomarkers which we could not obtain even after contacting the authors (only mentioned their evaluation but did not report it) [ 31 ]. Finally, a total of 10 clinical trials [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ] met the inclusion criteria and were included in our systematic review.…”

Experimental studies of the effect of sea buckthorn and wheat bran in food on the physiological status of rats

“…The results of this research are largely comparable with the numerous works of scientists dedicated to the therapeutic and prophylactic effect of dietary fiber on the body in various diseases. In particular, the work by Zwiki H. et al 2019 [19] points to the positive effect of dietary fiber in some forms of diabetes [15][16][17][18][19]. For many years, studies confirming the therapeutic effect of dietary fiber in obesity including in children and pregnant women, as well as diseases of the cardiovascular system, oncological and some others have been carried out [20][21].…”