Effect of the Asian monsoon on the northward migration of the brown planthopper to northern South China

Abstract

As wind-borne migration of insects is strongly influenced by atmospheric circulation and weather systems, the relationships between insect population abundance and meteorological conditions are substantial. The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is one of the major wind-borne insects hampering rice production in Asia, and its migration is significantly influenced by the Asian monsoon, a main component of the Asian climate system. However, the degree and mechanisms of the effects of monsoon on BPH migration have been little studied. In this paper, the effect of the Asian monsoon on the northward migration of BPH from the Indochina Peninsula to northern South China (NSC) was investigated based on the BPH light-trap data and meteorological data for 39 years. The results show that the level of BPH migration in May could indicate the degree of annual pest outbreaks in NSC and that the southeast monsoon was more critical in this northward migration than the previously recognized southwest monsoon. The significance of the southeast monsoon stemmed from the strong effect of South China Sea subtropical high on BPH migration under a unique weather system distribution, the Polar low-Continental low-West Pacific subtropical high pattern. Furthermore, based on the key areas of migration obtained from the composite analysis, the multivariable linear regression prediction model could effectively predict the occurrence of BPH in NSC. These results indicate the importance of interactions between monsoons during BPH northward migration, which reflects the complex relationship between BPH migration and atmospheric motion.

Genetic analysis of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål.) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) based on DNA markers

“…From this result, the gene ow pattern can be correlated with the yearly wind current of the country, as the genetic structure of a population changes due to random genetic drift, dispersion and migration (Llewellyn et al 2003;Liu et al 2010). Being a soft yer, N. lugens generally depends on prevailing wind current and direction for their migration (Yang et al 2022). Polymorphic markers like SSR are suitable for accessing migratory behaviour of a species as they are co-dominant and shows greater diversity per locus than other conventional method (Liu et al 2010).…”

“…The migration of N. lugens in India is heavily in uenced by the south-west monsoon, which is a key component of the country's yearly rainfall (Otuka et al 2005;Yang et al 2022). South-west monsoon arrives during June-July in two branches.…”

Abundance and Seasonal Migration Patterns of Green Lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) across the Bohai Strait in Eastern Asia

“…China is located in the East Asian monsoon zone, and the East Asian monsoon is conducive to large-scale insect migration. Specifically, the flat terrain around the Bohai Strait serves as a crucial corridor for insect migration in East Asia [14,19,[79][80][81]. Trajectory analysis is a powerful tool for tracing the origin and predicting the populations of migratory insects [40,45,67,81,82].…”

Changing patterns of the East Asian monsoon drive shifts in migration and abundance of a globally important rice pest

“…Here, we study the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens , the most important global insect pest of rice. This pest undertakes seasonally predictable, long‐range movements in East Asia on an annual basis (Bottrell & Schoenly, 2012; Heong et al, 2015; Hu et al, 2019; Otuka, 2013; Yang, Bao, et al, 2022). It cannot survive overwinter in temperate regions of China, Korea and Japan, so summer outbreaks in these regions are initiated by a series of about five long‐range windborne migrations originating from winter‐breeding areas in the Indochina Peninsula (Cheng et al, 1979; Kisimoto & Sogawa, 1995; Otuka, 2013; Yang, Bao, et al, 2022), particularly Central Vietnam (Hu et al, 2017; Wu et al, 2019).…”

“…This pest undertakes seasonally predictable, long‐range movements in East Asia on an annual basis (Bottrell & Schoenly, 2012; Heong et al, 2015; Hu et al, 2019; Otuka, 2013; Yang, Bao, et al, 2022). It cannot survive overwinter in temperate regions of China, Korea and Japan, so summer outbreaks in these regions are initiated by a series of about five long‐range windborne migrations originating from winter‐breeding areas in the Indochina Peninsula (Cheng et al, 1979; Kisimoto & Sogawa, 1995; Otuka, 2013; Yang, Bao, et al, 2022), particularly Central Vietnam (Hu et al, 2017; Wu et al, 2019). In this study, we focus on just one of the BPH migration legs—that which occurs from the northern South China (NSC) region into the Lower Yangtze River Valley (LYRV) region of East China (Figure 1).…”