Effect of the Bloom-Heating Process on the Inclusion Size of Si-Killed Spring Steel Wire Rod

Meng, Yaoqing; Li, Jianli; Wang, Kunpeng; Zhu, Honggeng

doi:10.1007/s11663-022-02557-8

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…Fuchs et al [ 13 ] confirmed the effectiveness of the standard in the evaluation of inclusion cleanliness in ultraclean gear steels. Furthermore, the standard has been used in the evaluation of the maximum inclusion size of heat-treated wire rod specimens [ 14 ]. More recently, the results using the standard showed relatively good agreement with measurements of large inclusions based on the X-ray microcomputed tomography method [ 15 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Inclusion Size Distributions in Steel Wire Rods

Huazano-Estrada¹,

Herrera-Trejo²,

Castro‐Román³

et al. 2022

Materials

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The control of inclusions in steel components is essential to guarantee strong performance. The reliable characterization of inclusion populations is essential not only to evaluate the quality of the components but also to allow the use of analytical procedures for the comparison and discrimination of inclusion populations. In this work, inclusion size distributions in wire rod specimens from six plant-scale heats were measured and analyzed. For the measurements, the metallographic procedure specified in the ASTM E2283 standard was used. The population density function (PDF) approach and the extreme value statistical procedure specified in the ASTM E2283 standard were used to analyze the whole size distribution and the upper tail of the size distribution, respectively. The PDF approach allowed us to identify differences among inclusion size distributions and showed that new inclusions were not formed after the liquid steel treatment process. The extreme value statistical procedure led to the prediction of the maximum inclusion length for each heat, which was used for the statistical discrimination of heats. Furthermore, the estimation of the probability of finding an inclusion larger than a given inclusion size using the extreme value theory allowed us to order the heats for different critical inclusion sizes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Inclusion Size Distributions in Steel Wire Rods

Huazano-Estrada¹,

Herrera-Trejo²,

Castro‐Román³

et al. 2022

Materials

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Crystallization Behavior of the CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–MgO System Inclusions

Wang,

Sukenaga,

Tashiro

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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The crystallization process of low melting point CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO system inclusions during the continuous casting and hot rolling process greatly affects the deformability of inclusions. The effect of Al2O3 and MgO contents on the crystallization characteristics of CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO system melts representing the typical oxide inclusions in Si–Mn deoxidized steels is systematically investigated. The continuous cooling transformation and time–temperature transformation experiments are carried out. The results reveal that the increase of Al2O3 contents restrains the crystallization process of the melt, whereas the crystallization tendency of the melt is promoted with the increase of MgO contents. The precipitated phases are predominately 2CaO·MgO·2SiO2 and 3CaO·MgO·2SiO2, and the primary crystalline phase is unaffected by the changes of Al2O3 and MgO contents. To obtain low melting point plasticized inclusions with limited crystallization ability, it is recommended to control the Al2O3 and MgO contents greater than 15 wt% and below 5 wt%, respectively. The isothermal treatment is suggested to be controlled within a proper temperature range (1175–1250 °C) to decrease the crystallization kinetics. The oxide system's viscosity change is the limiting kinetic factor in the crystallization process, and it can be utilized to predict the system's crystallization tendency.

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Study on Transformation of Glassy and Crystalline Inclusions in Cord Steel during Heat Treatment at 1100 °C

Lei,

Li,

Zeng

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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To clarify the transformation of the glassy and crystalline inclusions in cord steel during heat treatment, four groups of MnO–SiO2–Al2O3 systems with different MgO contents are designed to obtain samples with both glassy and crystalline inclusions by slow‐cooling, and then the samples are isothermal held at 1100 °C for 120 min. The results of X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer indicate that after isothermal holding, the MgMnSiO4 crystalline phase transforms into MgAl2O4 and MnSiO3 phases in 5 wt% MgO system, while partial MgMnSiO4 phase transforms into MgSiO3 phase in 10 wt% MgO system. Besides, the MgMnSiO4 crystalline phase transforms into MgSiO3 and Mg2SiO4 phases in 15 wt% MgO system, while the Mg2SiO4 crystalline phase partially transforms into MgSiO3 phase in 20 wt% MgO system. Combined with the calculation results of FactSage 8.1, it shows that the higher the MgO content in the system, the stronger the crystallization ability and the easier the formation of the crystalline phase. During the isothermal holding process, the elements in inclusions continuously diffuse and migrate, so that the glassy phase transforms into crystalline phase, while the crystalline phase grows further and the internal glassy phase disappear, accompanied by the transformation of the crystal type.

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Effect of the Bloom-Heating Process on the Inclusion Size of Si-Killed Spring Steel Wire Rod

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Characterization of Inclusion Size Distributions in Steel Wire Rods

Characterization of Inclusion Size Distributions in Steel Wire Rods

Crystallization Behavior of the CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–MgO System Inclusions

Study on Transformation of Glassy and Crystalline Inclusions in Cord Steel during Heat Treatment at 1100 °C

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Effect of the Bloom-Heating Process on the Inclusion Size of Si-Killed Spring Steel Wire Rod

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Characterization of Inclusion Size Distributions in Steel Wire Rods

Characterization of Inclusion Size Distributions in Steel Wire Rods

Crystallization Behavior of the CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO System Inclusions

Study on Transformation of Glassy and Crystalline Inclusions in Cord Steel during Heat Treatment at 1100 °C

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Product

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Crystallization Behavior of the CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–MgO System Inclusions