Effect of the buccal fat pad in the prevention of zygomatic implant surgery postoperative complications: A pilot study

Abstract

Background Zygomatic implants have been used to treat severe atrophy maxilla. Since its description, the technique has been improved in order to reduce patient morbidity as well as prosthesis rehabilitation time. Despite the improvements in the procedure, zygomatic implant treatments still have complications related to the peri-implant soft-tissue; a probing depth greater than 6 millimeter (mm) and a prevalence of bleeding on probing of 45% have been described. The mobilization of the buccal fat has been used to manage different oral and maxillofacial soft-tissue pathologies. The aim of this study was to assess whether the buccal fat pad might prevent mucosal dehiscence and avoid potential postoperative complications when is placed covering the body part of the zygomatic implants. Material and Methods In this pilot study, 7 patients were enrolled and a total of 28 zygomatic implants were placed and evaluated during a 12-month follow-up period. Surgical sites were randomly divided into two groups before implant placement: control group (A; in which no buccal fat pad was applied) and experimental group (B). Peri-implant soft tissue thickness difference, pain using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), swelling, hematoma, buccal soft tissue healing and sinusitis, were evaluated. The implant survival rate was determined according the Aparicio success criteria and compared between the control and experimental procedure. Results A nonstatistical difference was found between groups regarding to pain. The experimental group showed higher soft-tissues thickness ( p = 0.03) and the implant survival rate was 100% in both groups. Conclusions The mobilization of the buccal fat pad to cover the body of the zygomatic implants increases peri-implant soft-tissue thickness, without increasing the postoperative pain. Key words: Zygomatic implants, maxillary atrophy, Complications, Postoperative care, Swelling, Pain.