Effect of the Degree of Polymerization of Fructans on Ex Vivo Fermented Human Gut Microbiome

Astó, Erola; Méndez, Iago; Rodríguez-Prado, M.; Cuñé, Jordi; Espadaler, Jordi; Farrán-Codina, Andreu

doi:10.3390/nu11061293

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…NCD, normal chow diet; HFD, high-fat diet; SC, high-fat diet plus short-chain inulin; LC, high-fat diet plus long-chain inulin. (2020) 10:978 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58048-w www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ SCFAs compared with that of the SC inulin intervention, which was consistent with the report that higher polymerization indicates higher acidification activity than lower polymerization in ex vivo fermentation 32 . Moreover, there was a significant difference in gut microbial communities between the SC and LC groups ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Inulin with different degrees of polymerization protects against diet-induced endotoxemia and inflammation in association with gut microbiota regulation in mice

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

114

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and microbial-dependent metabolites and components driven by inulin on physiological indexes disturbed by a high-fat diet. The objective of this study was to evaluate how inulin with different degrees of polymerization modulated gut microbial ecology and host physiology, including mainly biochemical indicators, glucose metabolism and immunity, as well as to assess whether these microbial changes affect the host phenotype in high-fat diet-fed mice. Results Food intake and body and tissue weight. Food intake in the LC (high-fat diet plus long-chain inulin) group was always higher than that of the other three groups (Fig. 1A). The average food intakes in the NCD (normal chow diet), HFD (high-fat diet), SC (high-fat diet plus short-chain inulin) and LC groups were 18.89, 21.07, 21.76 and 27.36 g/week, respectively. The average weekly food intake in the LC group was significantly higher than that in the HFD and SC groups (p < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed between the HFD and NCD groups (Fig. 1B, p > 0.05). The body, liver, epididymal fat, abdominal fat, kidney and pancreas weights at the tenth week in the HFD group were significantly higher than those in the NCD group (p < 0.05), whereas there were no significant differences among the HFD, SC and LC groups (Fig. 1C,D, p > 0.05). Biochemical indicators and glycemic metabolism. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that a high-fat diet resulted in a significant increase in serum triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared to those in the NCD group (p < 0.05), whereas we observed no significant differences in TG and HDL-C levels among the HFD, SC and LC groups (Fig. 1E, p > 0.05). Moreover, lower TC levels were observed in the LC group than in the SC group (Fig. 1E, p < 0.05). Higher blood glucose levels were observed in the SC group than in the HFD group at 30 and 60 minutes after glucose loading, and blood glucose concentrations in the SC group were higher than those in the LC group at 30 minutes (Fig. 2A, p < 0.01). Furthermore, fasting glucose concentrations and glucose tolerance test area under the glucose curve (GTT AUC) in the HFD group were significantly higher than those in the NCD group (Fig. 2A,B, p < 0.05). No significant differences in fasting glucose levels and glucose tolerance test area under the glucose curve (GTT AUC) were observed among the HFD, SC and LC groups (p > 0.05). In parallel, serum insulin analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in the HFD group compared with that in the NCD group (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference among the HFD, SC and LC groups (Fig. 2C, p > 0.05).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Inulin with different degrees of polymerization protects against diet-induced endotoxemia and inflammation in association with gut microbiota regulation in mice

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, other studies showed that there is no impact of inulin supplementation of HFD on food intake [ 25 ] while others reported that food intake in mice fed HFD plus long-chain inulin was higher than those of mice fed HFD and HFD plus short-chain inulin [ 19 ]. Several studies suggest that the anti-obesogenic effects of inulin depend on the dietary dosage or the degree of polymerization, which are factors that could influence its fermentation into SCFA by the gut microbiota [ 18 , 61 , 62 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble Fiber Inulin Consumption Limits Alterations of the Gut Microbiota and Hepatic Fatty Acid Metabolism Caused by High-Fat Diet

et al. 2021

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Diet shapes the gut microbiota which impacts hepatic lipid metabolism. Modifications in liver fat content are associated with metabolic disorders. We investigated the extent of dietary fat and fiber-induced alterations in the composition of gut microbiota and hepatic fatty acids (FAs). Mice were fed a purified low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) containing non-soluble fiber cellulose or soluble fiber inulin. HFD induced hepatic decreases in the amounts of C14:0, C16:1n-7, C18:1n-7 and increases in the amounts of C17:0, C20:0, C16:1n-9, C22:5n-3, C20:2n-6, C20:3n-6, and C22:4n-6. When incorporated in a LFD, inulin poorly affected the profile of FAs. However, when incorporated in a HFD, it (i) specifically led to an increase in the amounts of hepatic C18:0, C22:0, total polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), total n-6 PUFAs, C18:3n-3, and C18:2n-6, (ii) exacerbated the HFD-induced increase in the amount of C17:0, and (iii) prevented the HFD-induced increases in C16:1n-9 and C20:3n-6. Importantly, the expression/activity of some elongases and desaturases, as well as the gut microbiota composition, were impacted by the dietary fat and fiber content. To conclude, inulin modulated gut microbiota and hepatic fatty acid composition, and further investigations will determine whether a causal relationship exists between these two parameters.

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“…These results indicated that bacterial growth increased with the decrease in DP, which was consistent with our previous report, 25 but opposed to the result of CPPN and CTPN. Previous studies also showed that when DP increased, the prebiotic bioactivity also improved 62–65 . This discrepancy may prove that DP is not the sole determinant of prebiotic bioactivity of these polysaccharides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Characterization of inulin‐type fructans from two species of Radix Codonopsis and their oxidative defense activation and prebiotic activities

et al. 2020

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BACKGROUND Codonopsis pilosula and C. tangshen are both plants widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Polysaccharides, which are their primary active components, are thought to be important in their extensive use. In this study, two neutral polysaccharide fractions of C. pilosula (CPPN) and C. tangshen (CTPN) were obtained by fractionation on a DEAE–Sepharose column and characterized. RESULTS It was confirmed that the neutral polymers CPPN and CTPN were β‐(2,1)‐linked inulin‐type fructans with non‐reducing terminal glucose, and degree of polymerization (DP) of 19.6 and 25.2, respectively. The antioxidant and prebiotic activities in vitro were assayed based on IPEC‐J2 cell lines and five strains of Lactobacillus. Results indicated that the effects of CPPN and CTPN were increased antioxidant defense in intestinal epithelial cells through enhanced cell viability, improved expression of total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase, and reduced levels of malondialdehyde and lactic dehydrogenase. The prebiotic activity of CPPN and CTPN was demonstrated by the promoting effect on Lactobacillus proliferation in vitro. The different biological activities obtained between the two fractions are probably due to the different DP and thus molecular weights of CPPN and CTPN. CONCLUSION The inulin fractions from C. pilosula and C. tangshen were natural sources of potential intestinal antioxidants as well as prebiotics, which will be valuable in further studies and new applications of inulin‐containing health products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Effect of the Degree of Polymerization of Fructans on Ex Vivo Fermented Human Gut Microbiome

Cited by 27 publications

References 56 publications

Inulin with different degrees of polymerization protects against diet-induced endotoxemia and inflammation in association with gut microbiota regulation in mice

Inulin with different degrees of polymerization protects against diet-induced endotoxemia and inflammation in association with gut microbiota regulation in mice

Soluble Fiber Inulin Consumption Limits Alterations of the Gut Microbiota and Hepatic Fatty Acid Metabolism Caused by High-Fat Diet

Characterization of inulin‐type fructans from two species of Radix Codonopsis and their oxidative defense activation and prebiotic activities

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