Effect of the difference of tillage operations on microbial properties of soil layers

Suzuki, Tatsuhiko; Tokunaga, Y.; Watanabe, Iwao

doi:10.1080/00380768.1969.10432814

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The results were attributed to decreased temperature and or decreased microbial activity at greater depths within the profiles. Others have found that microbial populations and activity decrease over depth in field soil (18,30,38). For these reasons, rapid early movement into the soil could favor deep leaching.…”

Section: Various Herbicides Placed 8 23 and 38 CM Deep In 12 Field mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alachlor and Metribuzin Movement and Dissipation in a Soil Profile as Influenced by Soil Surface Condition

Jones¹,

Banks²,

Radcliffe³

1990

Weed sci.

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The influence of wheat straw cover, tillage, and irrigation on metribuzin and alachlor movement and dissipation in an Appling coarse sandy loam (Typic Hapludult) and the influence of soil depth on their rate of dissipation were measured in field and laboratory experiments conducted in 1987 and 1988. Overall, metribuzin moved more than alachlor in both years. Alachlor movement was greater in tilled plots compared to no-till plots in 1988. Metribuzin movement was greater in no-till plots in 1987. Straw cover had little effect on the movement of alachlor, but the presence of 2800 kg ha−1of straw on the soil surface increased the downward movement of metribuzin in both years compared to soil with no straw cover. The rate of alachlor dissipation in the soil was faster in straw-covered and no-till plots in both years and in the high irrigation level in 1988. Metribuzin dissipation was not affected by any of these factors. Alachlor rate of dissipation did not differ among depths in the field; however, dissipation differed in the laboratory in the order 0 to 20 cm > 20 to 45 cm = 45 to 68 cm. Metribuzin dissipated faster at the 8-cm depth in the field compared to the 58-cm depth. In the laboratory, metribuzin dissipation rates followed the order 0 to 20 cm > 20 to 45 cm > 45 to 68 cm. At the greatest depth, the dissipation of metribuzin was faster in the field than in the laboratory.

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Section: Various Herbicides Placed 8 23 and 38 CM Deep In 12 Field mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alachlor and Metribuzin Movement and Dissipation in a Soil Profile as Influenced by Soil Surface Condition

Jones¹,

Banks²,

Radcliffe³

1990

Weed sci.

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“…Total populations of microorganisms or populations of specific groups have been used in a number of studies for this purpose (e.g. Kale and Raghu 1989; Maltby 1975; Nishio and Kusano 1980; Suzuki et al . 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Season and soil management affect soil microbial communities estimated using phospholipid fatty acid analysis in a continuous cabbage (Brassica oleraceavar.capitata) cropping system

Tabuchi¹,

Kato²,

Nioh³

2008

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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The effects of soil management on seasonal changes in soil microbial communities were examined in a continuously cropped field of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Soil samples from each plot treated with cattle manure compost (CMC), grass compost (GRC) and chemical fertilizers (CHF) were taken at monthly intervals from April 2003 to March 2004. The results showed that microbial biomass was smaller in the CHF‐treated plot than in the other plots. The mole‐percentage contributions of biomarkers for Gram‐negative bacteria slightly decreased from April to September and increased from September to March in all plots. The mole‐percentage contributions of biomarkers for fungi and actinomyces were greater in the CHF‐treated plot compared with the other plots. The mole‐percentage contributions of biomarkers for Gram‐positive bacteria increased in the order of CMC > GRC > CHF. Higher ratios of cyclopropyl fatty acids to their precursors and lower ratios of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids suggested greater stress to bacteria in the CHF‐treated plot than in the other plots. Principal component analysis of the PLFA profiles indicated that soil microbial communities exhibited similar shifts in response to seasonal changes irrespective of the treatment.

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“…The mortality of spore inocula in non-sterilised and autoclaved soil reported by West et al (1984a, b) may have been influenced by their unduly large inoculum biomass. To examine the influence of the concentration of B. thuringiensis spores on subsequent survival in soil, a range of spore inocula, comparable in concentration (numbers) with the range of natural Bacillus populations in arable soils (Suzuki et al 1969), were added to both non-sterilised and autoclaved soil. Autoclaving of soil kills the indigenous microbial community and raises the level of soil nutrient availability, thereby possibly indicating (indirectly) if these factors are sources of B. thuringiensis mortality and/or bacteriostasis in soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of incubation in non-sterilised and autoclaved arable soil on survival ofBacillus thuringiensisandBacillus cereusspore inocula

West¹,

Burges²,

Dixon

et al. 1985

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Inocula of 10 3 , 104, and 10 5 Bacillus thuringiensis spores/g non-sterilised soil apparently failed to germinate and viability declined by up to 55% during 90 days incubation at 2YC and-0.10 MPa. In autoclaved (121 oC, 20 min) soil, no net mortality was detected in any of the 3 levels of inocula and detection of germination was erratic. No germination was detected yet sporadic growth occurred with inocula of 10 3 spores/g soil, and both (sporadic) germination and growth were detected at 10 4 spores/g soil. Final levels of these inocula were 500-2000% greater than their initial levels. Germination and growth were not detected in the inoculum of 10 5 spores/g soil. By contrast, inocula of 10 4 Bacillus cereus spores/g germinated in both non-sterilised and autoclaved soil, but then exhibited bacteriostasis. No net changes in inoculum size were detected in either soil treatment. We suggest that the mortality of B. thuringiensis spores in nonsterilised soil resulted from an inherent inability of the spores to survive in this soil environment.

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Effect of the difference of tillage operations on microbial properties of soil layers

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Alachlor and Metribuzin Movement and Dissipation in a Soil Profile as Influenced by Soil Surface Condition

Alachlor and Metribuzin Movement and Dissipation in a Soil Profile as Influenced by Soil Surface Condition

Season and soil management affect soil microbial communities estimated using phospholipid fatty acid analysis in a continuous cabbage (Brassica oleraceavar.capitata) cropping system

Effect of incubation in non-sterilised and autoclaved arable soil on survival ofBacillus thuringiensisandBacillus cereusspore inocula

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