Effect of the electrode potential on the surface composition and crystal structure of LiMn2O4 in aqueous solutions

Electrochemical Methods for Lithium Recovery: A Comprehensive and Critical Review

“…In subsequent articles Marchini et al corroborated the findings of Kanoh et al: LMO, prepared by deep coating onto Pt sheet, does not intercalate Na + . [ 105 ] They confirmed by XPS of LMO electrodes cycled 55 times the absence of a solid electrolyte interphase as well as the low dissolution of Mn in the electrolyte, just 0.17% of the initial amount. Since upon the reduction of a LMO electrode in 0.1 m NaCl electrolyte by applying 0.6 V for 1 h, Li + was absent, the authors concluded that the appearance of Na cations on the surfaces is accompanied by the appearance of Mn (III) due to the electrochemical reduction of the surface given by the applied potential.…”

“…Silicates and alkaline earth metal ions are commonly founded in brine solution, [ 16 ] their effect in the recovery process has not been reevaluated since these pioneering works of Kanoh et al in the early 1990s. The possible inhibition of Li + capturing by Na + , a main component of brine lakes, has been recently evaluated by Calvo et al [ 49,104,105 ] and Palagonia et al [ 106 ] In their first study they analyzed the surface chemistry of a LiMn 2 O 4 thin film prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD).…”

Construction of LiMn2O4 microcubes and spheres via the control of the (104) crystal planes of MnCO3 for high rate Li-ions batteries

“…As a variety of lithium ion battery cathode material, spinel LiMn 2 O 4 is one of the most promising candidates because of its low cost, low toxicity, and environmental friendliness. [1][2][3][4][5] However, its low charge transfer rate and slow Li + diffusion ability result in poor rate performance, [6][7][8] which seriously restricts the application of this material in hybrid electric vehicles. To the best of our knowledge, the rate performance is closely related to the charge transfer rate, and the charge transfer rate is limited by the diffusion of Li + in the material.…”

FORMATION OF SPINEL STRUCTURE IN SYNTHESIS PROCESS OF Li1.37Mn2O4 USING HYDROTHERMAL METHOD

“…However, the weakness of this material is a less stable cyclic behavior. Therefore efforts to improve the current cycle behavior are mostly done by increasing the composition of the spinel structure and modifying its particle surface [4], where these two crucial things depend heavily on the synthesis method used.…”