Effect of the gable bends on the force system of T-loop orthodontic springs after activation: a numerical–experimental study

Rodrigues, Fábio Rodrigo Mandello; Borges, Paulo César; Luersen, Marco Antônio; Ferreira, Marcelo do Amaral

doi:10.1007/s40430-016-0542-6

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Methods to increase the M/F ratio of closing loops include reverse curve of Spee, V bend and gable bend [ 15 , 17 , 19 ]. The special preactivation method for DKL was ligation between the mesial and distal key loops, which generated upward bending of the mesial and distal archwires.…”

Section: Discussion·mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical force system of double key loop with finite element analysis

Liu

Duanqiang

et al. 2021

BMC Oral Health

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Background The mechanics of double key loop (DKL) are not well defined, and this finite element study was designed to explore its force system. Methods A simplified 3-dimensional finite element model of single and double key loops with an archwire between the lateral incisor and second premolar was established in Ansys Workbench 17.0. Activation in Type-1 (retraction at the distal end), Type-2 (retraction at the distal key) and Type-3 (Type-2 plus ligation between keys) was simulated. The vertical force, load/deflection ratio and moment/force ratio of stainless-steel and titanium-molybdenum alloy (TMA) loops were calculated and compared. Results The double key loop generated approximately 40% of the force of a single key loop. Type-2 loading of DKL showed a higher L/D ratio than Type-1 loading with a similar M/F ratio. Type-3 loading of DKL showed the highest M/F ratio with a similar L/D ratio as single key loop. The M/F ratio in Type-3 loading increased with the decreasing of retraction force. The DKL of TMA produced approximately 40% of the force and moment compared with those of SS in all loading types. When activated at equal distances below 1 mm, the M/F ratios of SS and TMA DKL with equal preactivation angles were almost the same. Conclusion The M/F ratio on anterior teeth increases with the preactivation angle and deactivation of DKL. The M/F ratio at a certain distance of activation mainly depends on the preactivation angle instead of the wire material. TMA is recommended as a substitute for SS in DKL for a lower magnitude of force.

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Section: Discussion·mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preactivation methods such as gable bends and vertical steps diversified the M/F ratio [ 15 – 18 ]. The M/F ratio was also reported to change with the distance of activation [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical force system of double key loop with finite element analysis

Liu

Duanqiang

et al. 2021

BMC Oral Health

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“…Besides spring geometry, properties as low load deflection rates, adequate spring gradient (spring rate) and working range should be considered in closing loops. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Also, torque control and gable bends are important second-order bends to avoid incisors to move lingually during retraction and posterior anchorage loss, respectively. Retraction closing loops should have a low load/deflection rate and work in an elastic, range to prevent plastic deformation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Von Mises stresses on Mushroom-loop archwires for incisor retraction: a numerical study

Ferreira¹,

Rodrigues

Luersen

et al. 2020

Dental Press J. Orthod.

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Objective: To perform a numerical simulation using FEM to study the von Mises stresses on Mushroom archwires. Methods: Mushroom archwires made of titanium-molybdenum alloy with 0.017 x 0.025-in cross-section were used in this study. A YS of 1240 MPa and a Young’s modulus of 69 GPa were adopted. The archwire was modeled in Autodesk Inventor software and its behavior was simulated using the finite element code Ansys Workbench (Swanson Analysis Systems, Houston, Pennsylvania, USA). A large displacement simulation was used for non-linear analysis. The archwires were deformed in their extremities with 0° and 45°, and activated by their vertical extremities separated at 4.0 or 5.0 mm. Results: Tensions revealed a maximum of 1158 MPa at the whole part of the loop at 5.0mm of activation, except in a very small area situated at the top of the loop, in which a maximum of 1324 Mpa was found. Conclusions: Mushroom loops are capable to produce tension levels in an elastic range and could be safely activated up to 5.0mm.

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“…Methods to increase M/F ratio of closing loops include reverse curve of Spee, V bend and gable bend 15,17,19 . The special preactivation method for DKL was ligation between the mesial and distal key loops, which generated upward bending of mesial and distal archwire.…”

Section: M/f Of Key Loopsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preactivation methods such as gable bend and vertical step diversi ed the M/F ratio [15][16][17][18] . The M/F ratio was also reported to change with the distance of activation 19,20 . Double key loop (DKL) is a special method advocated by John Parker to close space with straight wire appliance 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mechanical Force System of Double Key Loop With Finite Element Analysis 

Liu

Duanqiang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The mechanics of double key loop (DKL) was not well defined and this finite element study was designed to explore its force system.Methods: Simplified 3-dimensional finite element model of single and double key loops with archwire between lateral incisor and second premolar was established in Ansys Workbench. Activation in Type-1 (retraction at distal end), Type-2 (retraction at distal key) and Type-3 (Type-2 plus ligation between keys) were simulated. The vertical force, load/deflection ratio and moment/force ratio of stainless steel and TMA loops were calculated and compared.Results: Double key loop generated about 40% force of single key loop. Type-2 loading of DKL showed higher L/D ratio than in Type-1 loading with similar M/F ratio. Type-3 loading of DKL showed the highest M/F ratio with similar L/D ratio as single key loop. The M/F ratio in Type-3 loading increased with the decrease of retraction force. DKL of TMA produced about 40% of force and moment compared to those of SS in all loading types. When activated at equal distance bellow 1mm, the M/F ratio of SS and TMA DKL with equal preactivation angle were almost the same. Conclusion: M/F ratio on anterior teeth increases with preactivation angle and deactivation of DKL. M/F ratio at certain distance of activation depends mainly on preactivation angle instead of wire material. TMA is recommended as substitute of SS in DKL for lower magnitude of force.

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Effect of the gable bends on the force system of T-loop orthodontic springs after activation: a numerical–experimental study

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Mechanical force system of double key loop with finite element analysis

Mechanical force system of double key loop with finite element analysis

Von Mises stresses on Mushroom-loop archwires for incisor retraction: a numerical study

Mechanical Force System of Double Key Loop With Finite Element Analysis

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Effect of the gable bends on the force system of T-loop orthodontic springs after activation: a numerical–experimental study

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Mechanical force system of double key loop with finite element analysis

Mechanical force system of double key loop with finite element analysis

Von Mises stresses on Mushroom-loop archwires for incisor retraction: a numerical study

Mechanical Force System of Double Key Loop With Finite Element Analysis&nbsp;

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Mechanical Force System of Double Key Loop With Finite Element Analysis