Effect of the gastrointestinal microflora on induction and maintenance of oral tolerance to ovalbumin in C3H/HeJ mice

Moreau, Marie-Christiane; Corthier, Gérard

doi:10.1128/iai.56.10.2766-2768.1988

Cited by 118 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…25 When germ-free mice are colonized with either a mixture of different bacterial strains, a mixture of Clostridium species or with Bacteroides fragilis the proportion of FOXP3 + Treg cells in the gut is increased. [23][24][25][26] These experiments also show that bacterial stimulation induces de novo generation of FOXP3 + pTreg cells because higher proportions of the Helios neg Treg cells were found in the gut of colonized mice compared with in germ-free mice. 25,26 In developing countries, the first bacteria that colonize the infantile gut include Escherichia coli, enterobacteria (other than E. coli) and enterococci.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…[18][19][20] Interaction between PD-L1 and its receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expressed on activated T cells impede the T-cell receptor signalling pathway within the T cell, 18,21 which can lead to differentiation into FOXP3 + Treg cells. 18,19,22 Experiments in germ-free mice have shown that bacterial colonization of the intestine is of great importance for the induction of Treg cells, [23][24][25][26] as these mice have a lower proportion of and less suppressive FOXP3 + Treg cells in the gut compared with conventional mice. 25 When germ-free mice are colonized with either a mixture of different bacterial strains, a mixture of Clostridium species or with Bacteroides fragilis the proportion of FOXP3 + Treg cells in the gut is increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Staphylococcus aureusconvert neonatal conventionalCD4⁺Tcells intoFOXP3⁺ CD25⁺ CD127^lowTcells via thePD‐1/PD‐L1 axis

et al. 2014

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The gut microbiota provides an important stimulus for the induction of regulatory T (Treg) cells in mice, whether this applies to newborn children is unknown. In Swedish children, Staphylococcus aureus has become a common early colonizer of the gut. Here, we sought to study the effects of bacterial stimulation on neonatal CD4+ T cells for the induction of CD25+ CD127low Treg cells in vitro. The proportion of circulating CD25+ CD127low Treg cells and their expression of FOXP3, Helios and CTLA-4 was examined in newborns and adults. To evaluate if commensal gut bacteria could induce Treg cells, CellTrace violet-stained non-Treg cells from cord or peripheral blood from adults were co-cultured with autologous CD25+ CD127low Treg cells and remaining mononuclear cells and stimulated with S. aureus. Newborns had a significantly lower proportion of CD25+ CD127low Treg cells than adults, but these cells were Helios+ and CTLA-4+ to a higher extent than in adults. FOXP3+ CD25+ CD127low T cells were induced mainly in neonatal CellTrace-stained non-Treg cells after stimulation with S. aureus. In cell cultures from adults, S. aureus induced CD25+ CD127low T cells only if sorted naive CD45RA+ non-Treg cells were used, but these cells expressed less FOXP3 than those induced from newborns. Sorted neonatal CD25+ CD127low T cells from S. aureus-stimulated cultures were still suppressive. Finally, blocking PD-L1 during stimulation reduced the induction of FOXP3+ CD25+ CD127low T cells. These results suggest that newborns have a higher proportion of circulating thymically derived Helios+ Treg cells than adults and that S. aureus possess an ability to convert neonatal conventional CD4+ T cells into FOXP3+ CD25+ CD127low Treg cells via the PD-1/PD-L1 axis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureusconvert neonatal conventionalCD4⁺Tcells intoFOXP3⁺ CD25⁺ CD127^lowTcells via thePD‐1/PD‐L1 axis

et al. 2014

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“…An important feature of certain normal intestinal bacteria is that they might modulate the handling of food antigens by the gut immune system, increasing the capacity to develop tolerance. Mice devoid of a normal intestinal microbiota develop oral tolerance to certain antigens like ovalbumin, but the suppression is weaker and lasts a shorter time [25,26]. The rats colonized with L. plantarum in addition to E. coli exhibited a marked and persistent increase in cells expressing the IL-2 receptor a-chain (CD25) in the lamina propria, presumably representing activated T cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory effects ofLactobacillus plantarumcolonizing the intestine of gnotobiotic rats

Herías

Hessle

Telemo

et al. 1999

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

112

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We have studied the effect of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on the immune functions of gnotobiotic rats. One group of germ-free rats was colonized with the type 1-fimbriated Escherichia coli O6:K13:H1 and another group with the same E. coli strain together with L. plantarum 299v. One and 5 weeks after colonization, bacterial numbers were determined in the contents of the small intestine, caecum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Small intestinal sections were examined for CD8+, CD4+, CD25+ (IL-2R alpha-chain), IgA+ and MHC class II+ cells and mitogen-induced spleen cell proliferation was determined. Immunoglobulin levels and E. coli-specific antibodies were measured in serum. Rats given L. plantarum in addition to E. coli showed lower counts of E. coli in the small intestine and caecum 1 week after colonization compared with the group colonized with E. coli alone, but similar levels after 5 weeks. Rats colonized with L. plantarum + E. coli had significantly higher total serum IgA levels and marginally higher IgM and IgA antibody levels against E. coli than those colonized with E. coli alone. They also showed a significantly increased density of CD25+ cells in the lamina propria and displayed a decreased proliferative spleen cell response after stimulation with concanavalin A or E. coli 1 week after colonization. The results indicate that L. plantarum colonization competes with E. coli for intestinal colonization and can influence intestinal and systemic immunity.

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“…These commensals naturally colonize the intestinal tract, which is one important quality that makes them candidates for use as probiotics (Massi et al, 2004). In addition, autochthonous bacteria are involved in the development and maintenance of oral tolerance against food antigens (Moreau and Corthier, 1988;Tanaka and Ishikawa, 2004). However, commensal bacterial species would not be expected to stimulate mucosal or systemic immune responses, at least not as long as they do not breach the intestinal barrier or enter the bloodstream (Scharek et al, 2005;Westendorf et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the probiotic Bacillus cereus var. toyoi on the intestinal immunity of piglets

Scharek

Altherr

Tölke

et al. 2007

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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In a feeding trial, sows and piglets were fed with the probiotic bacterium Bacillus cereus var. toyoi as a feed additive, and the effects on immune cell populations were examined. The development of the gut immune system was determined for piglets at the ages of 14, 28, 35 and 56 days post partum. Tissue samples of the Jejunum and the continuous Peyer's patch were used for enumeration of intraepithelial lymphocyte populations by fluorescence activated flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Both independent methods of investigation led to similar results: the population of intraepithelial CD8+ T cells was significantly enhanced in the probiotic group piglets (p< or =0.05), and the numbers of gammadelta T cells tended to be higher in the intestinal epithelium (p<0.1) at the time of weaning (day 28). Lamina propria lymphocytes were also influenced by the treatment. Application of B. cereus var. toyoi resulted in significantly more CD25+ lymphocytes and gammadelta T cells in the probiotic group post-weaning. The occurrence of pathogenic Escherichia coli serogroups was also less frequent in the feces of piglets from the probiotic group. The finding that the CD8+ T cell population in the intestinal mucosa showed changes on day 28 indicated that the influence of B. cereus var. toyoi supplementation on the intestinal immune system started before weaning, an observation supported by changes in the intestinal microflora observed during the suckling-period. The results suggest that feeding of B. cereus var. toyoi to sows may result in beneficial effects on piglet health status independent of their feed supplementation.

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Effect of the gastrointestinal microflora on induction and maintenance of oral tolerance to ovalbumin in C3H/HeJ mice

Cited by 118 publications

References 15 publications

Staphylococcus aureusconvert neonatal conventionalCD4⁺Tcells intoFOXP3⁺ CD25⁺ CD127^lowTcells via thePD‐1/PD‐L1 axis

Staphylococcus aureusconvert neonatal conventionalCD4⁺Tcells intoFOXP3⁺ CD25⁺ CD127^lowTcells via thePD‐1/PD‐L1 axis

Immunomodulatory effects ofLactobacillus plantarumcolonizing the intestine of gnotobiotic rats

Influence of the probiotic Bacillus cereus var. toyoi on the intestinal immunity of piglets

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Effect of the gastrointestinal microflora on induction and maintenance of oral tolerance to ovalbumin in C3H/HeJ mice

Cited by 118 publications

References 15 publications

Staphylococcus aureusconvert neonatal conventionalCD4+Tcells intoFOXP3+ CD25+ CD127lowTcells via thePD‐1/PD‐L1 axis

Staphylococcus aureusconvert neonatal conventionalCD4+Tcells intoFOXP3+ CD25+ CD127lowTcells via thePD‐1/PD‐L1 axis

Immunomodulatory effects ofLactobacillus plantarumcolonizing the intestine of gnotobiotic rats

Influence of the probiotic Bacillus cereus var. toyoi on the intestinal immunity of piglets

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Product

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Staphylococcus aureusconvert neonatal conventionalCD4⁺Tcells intoFOXP3⁺ CD25⁺ CD127^lowTcells via thePD‐1/PD‐L1 axis

Staphylococcus aureusconvert neonatal conventionalCD4⁺Tcells intoFOXP3⁺ CD25⁺ CD127^lowTcells via thePD‐1/PD‐L1 axis