Effect of the Hydroethanolic Extract from Echinodorus grandiflorus Leaves and a Fraction Enriched in Flavone-C-Glycosides on Antigen-Induced Arthritis in Mice

Abstract

The leaves of Echinodorus grandiflorus are traditionally used in Brazil to treat several inflammatory conditions, including arthritis. This study aimed to investigate the antiarthritis activity of the 70% ethanol extract of E. grandiflorus leaves and a standardized flavonoid-rich fraction in an antigen-induced arthritis model in mice. Previously immunized mice were treated per os with saline (control group), 70% ethanol extract (100-1000 mg/kg), or a flavonoid-rich fraction (0.7-7.2 mg/kg) 40 minutes before and 3 and 6 hours after the challenge with antigen into the knee joint. The administration of the 70% ethanol extract and flavonoid-rich fraction to mice significantly reduced neutrophil recruitment to the joint cavity and in periarticular tissue. The levels of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β quantified by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the periarticular tissue were also diminished in mice treated with the 70% ethanol extract and flavonoid-rich fraction, as well as mechanical hypernociception. Histological analysis confirmed that both the 70% ethanol extract and flavonoid-rich fraction suppressed joint inflammation and inhibited cartilage and bone destruction when compared to the control group. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that E. grandiflorus has anti-inflammatory activity in an experimental arthritis model and highlights the role of flavonoids in the observed response.

cis-Aconitic Acid, a Constituent of Echinodorus grandiflorus Leaves, Inhibits Antigen-Induced Arthritis and Gout in Mice

“…We have previously reported the effects of a standardized 70% ethanol extract of E. grandiflorus leaves in an AIA model 14 . The extract (100 mg/kg) reduced leukocyte accumulation in the femorotibial cavity and decreased TNF- α and IL-1 β levels in the periarticular tissue, which was accompanied by a reduction of hypernociception and arthritis scores.…”

Marcadores químicos em espécies de <i>Echinodorus</i> (Alismataceae) utilizadas como chapéu-de-couro

“…Tanus-Rangel et al (2010) [29], ao estudarem atividade biológica do extrato etanólico das folhas de Echinodorus macrophyllus, atribuíram o efeito anti-inflamatório à presença de triterpenos, esteroides, flavonas, xantonas e flavonoides. Os flavonoides também são alvos de estudo do extrato hidroetanólico das folhas de Echinodorus grandiflorus, sendo estes responsáveis pela atividade anti-inflamatória e diurética [22,23]. Os demais grupos funcionais, antocianinas e antocianidinas, não foram detectados pelos testes realizados.…”

“…Já a espécie E. grandiflorus foi introduzida na Farmacopeia Brasileira 5ª edição (2010) [19], e se manteve na Farmacopeia Brasileira 6ª edição (2019), como a espécie da qual é obtida a droga vegetal do chapéu-de-couro [20]. Para ambas, foram confirmadas atividades biológicas com propriedades diurética, antinecrótica, tumoral, antiinflamatória e capacidade de interromper ou pelo menos retardar lesões renais [16,[21][22][23][24].…”

Heart-Protective Effects of Echinodorus grandiflorus in Rabbits That Are Fed a High-cholesterol Diet

“…However, polyphenolic compounds, including tannins, flavonoids, and C-glycosides, are worth mentioning because of their diuretic and antihypertensive effects [19,20]. Recent pharmacological studies have shown that different preparations that are obtained from E. grandiflorus have diuretic [19,20], antiedematous [18], anti-inflammatory [21,22], antihypertensive [20,23], and vasodilatory [24] effects, making the species a potential new candidate for herbal medicines.…”