Effect of the intensity of training on catecholamine responses to supramaximal exercise in endurance-trained men

Abstract

In this study we investigated whether plasma catecholamine responses to the Wingate test are affected by the intensity of training in endurance-trained subjects. To do this we compared plasma adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) concentrations in response to a Wingate test in three different groups: specialist middledistance runners (MDR) in 800-m and 1,500-m races, specialist long-distance runners (LDR) 5,000-m and 10,000-m races, and untrained subjects (UT). The maximal power (W max ) and the mean power (W) were determined from the Wingate test. Blood lactate (La), plasma A and NA concentrations were analysed at rest (La 0 , A 0 and NA 0 ), immediately at the end of the exercise (A max and NA max ) and after 5 min recovery (La max , A 5 and NA 5 ). The ratio A max /NA max was considered as an index of the adrenal medulla responsiveness to the sympathetic nervous activity. At the end of the test, W max and W were similar in the three groups but La max was significantly greater in MDR compared to LDR and UT [15.2 (2.2) mmol l )1 , 11.7 (3.1) mmol l )1 , 11.6 (1.6) mmol l )1 , respectively, for MDR, LDR and UT; mean (SD)]. Concerning the plasma catecholamine concentrations in response to exercise, MDR and LDR A max values [3.73 (1.53) nmol l )1 , 3.47 (0.74) nmol l )1 , respectively, for MDR and LDR] were significantly greater than those of UT [1.48 (0.32) nmol l )1 ] who also exhibited the lowest NA max values [11.09 (6.58) nmol l )1 ] compared to MDR and LDR [20.43 (3.51) nmol l )1 ; 15.85 (4.88) nmol l )1 , respectively, for MDR and LDR]. However, no significant differences were observed between the two trained groups either for A max or NA max. These results suggest that long-term endurance training can enhance plasma catecholamine concentrations in response to supramaximal exercise. However, as there were no significant differences between MDR and LDR A max and NA max values, the effect of the intensity of training remains to be clarified.

Effect of training and detraining on catecholamine responses to sprint exercise in adolescent girls

“…The increase of plasma A concentrations observed in our trained adolescents in response to physical exercise is in accordance with transversal studies conducting in adult men. In fact, endurancetrained and sprint-trained athletes have a higher capacity to secrete A than untrained subjects, in response to maximal exercise ) and supramaximal exercise (Zouhal et al 2001;Jacob et al 2004) and during an exposure to other stimuli such as hypoglycemia (Kjaer et al 1986) or hypoxia ). This ability indicates the development of the so-called ''Sports Adrenal Medulla'', as a result of an adaptation of the endocrine gland to physical training (Kjaer 1998).…”

“…In adult men, it has been shown that plasma A and NA concentrations increase markedly in response to intense exercise (Hartley et al 1972;Zouhal et al 1998;Moussa et al 2003). Similarly, several studies have reported higher plasma A concentrations in response to maximal or supramaximal exercise in endurance or sprint trained subjects compared to untrained ones Zouhal et al 2001;Jacob et al 2004). Strobel et al (1999) and Zouhal et al (2001) suggest that the intensity of training, as sprint training, is the main factor able to increase catecholamine responses to exercise more than the quantity of training, as endurance training.…”

Acute effect of low and moderate glycemic index drinks on plasma glucose level in professional football players during prolonged intermittent exercise

“…It is long known that plasma glucose concentration can increase in response to intermittent sport activity due to an increase in circulating catecholamine (Bangsbo 1994;Jacob et al 2004;Zouhal et al 2008;Thomas at al. 2016) due to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.…”

Exercise prior to, but not concomitant with, stress reverses stress‐induced delayed skin wound healing

“…A single exercise cycling at 50% VO 2 for 60 minutes may increase the plasma levels of cortisol and catecholamine in patients. 26 In addition, long-term endurance-trained subjects present higher plasma levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline during exercise cycling stimuli compared with sedentary patients, 27 Our results demonstrate that concomitant to stress, exercise potentiates the release of catecholamine, but this effect is not induced when exercise is performed only prior to stress. Thus, the presence of two stressors (psychological and exercise) in this model was cumulative.…”