Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on Gastric Emptying

Gill, Richard C.; Murphy, P.D.; Hooper, H. R.; Bowes, Kenneth L.; Kingma, Y.J.

doi:10.1159/000199414

Cited by 116 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This is congruent with the finding from the study of Gill et al 25 which revealed slower emptying of solid-phase marker during luteal phase as compared to the follicular phase and also demonstrated correlation between solid gastric emptying impairment and elevated serum progesterone levels. Our study shows no significant differences between lag time, GE T 1/2 and percent gastric retention of women in follicular phase subgroup or women in menopausal subgroup compared to non-smoking males.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Normal Solid Gastric Emptying Values Measured by Scintigraphy Using Asian-style Meal:A Multicenter Study in Healthy Volunteers

Vasavid

Chaiwatanarat

Pusuwan

et al. 2014

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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Background/AimsTo report gastric emptying scintigraphy, normal values should be established for a specific protocol. The aim of this study was to provide normal gastric emptying values and determine factors affecting gastric emptying using Asian rice-based meal in healthy volunteers. 372Methods One hundred and ninety-two healthy volunteers were included at 7 tertiary care centers across Thailand. Gastric emptying scintigraphy was acquired in 45 degree left anterior oblique view immediately after ingestion of a 267 kcal steamed-rice with technetium-99m labeled-microwaved egg meal with 100 mL water for up to 4 hours. ResultsOne hundred and eighty-nine volunteers (99 females, age 43 ± 14 years) completed the study. The medians (5-95th percentiles) of lag time, gastric emptying half time (GE T1/2) and percent gastric retentions at 2 and 4 hours for all volunteers were 18.6 (0.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Normal Solid Gastric Emptying Values Measured by Scintigraphy Using Asian-style Meal:A Multicenter Study in Healthy Volunteers

Vasavid

Chaiwatanarat

Pusuwan

et al. 2014

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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“…In one study (349), a similar male-female sex difference in gastric emptying of solid food was found for postmenopausal women who took estrogen-progestin hormone treatments, but not for postmenopausal women who did not. Whether the ovarian cycle affects emptying is not clear: 1) Gill et al (270) found that solid food, but not liquid food, emptied from the stomach faster during follicular phase than the luteal phase; 2) Brennan et al (85) found that liquid food emptied from the stomach faster during the follicular phase; and 3) Horowitz et al (340) failed to find cycle differences in emptying of either solid or liquid food. Eating was measured in only one of these tests.…”

Section: R1233 Sex Differences In the Physiology Of Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the physiology of eating

Asarian

Geary²

2013

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

414

349

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(HPG) axis function fundamentally affects the physiology of eating. We review sex differences in the physiological and pathophysiological controls of amounts eaten in rats, mice, monkeys, and humans. These controls result from interactions among genetic effects, organizational effects of reproductive hormones (i.e., permanent early developmental effects), and activational effects of these hormones (i.e., effects dependent on hormone levels). Male-female sex differences in the physiology of eating involve both organizational and activational effects of androgens and estrogens. An activational effect of estrogens decreases eating 1) during the periovulatory period of the ovarian cycle in rats, mice, monkeys, and women and 2) tonically between puberty and reproductive senescence or ovariectomy in rats and monkeys, sometimes in mice, and possibly in women. Estrogens acting on estrogen receptor-␣ (ER␣) in the caudal medial nucleus of the solitary tract appear to mediate these effects in rats. Androgens, prolactin, and other reproductive hormones also affect eating in rats. Sex differences in eating are mediated by alterations in orosensory capacity and hedonics, gastric mechanoreception, ghrelin, CCK, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon, insulin, amylin, apolipoprotein A-IV, fatty-acid oxidation, and leptin. The control of eating by central neurochemical signaling via serotonin, MSH, neuropeptide Y, Agouti-related peptide (AgRP), melanin-concentrating hormone, and dopamine is modulated by HPG function. Finally, sex differences in the physiology of eating may contribute to human obesity, anorexia nervosa, and binge eating. The variety and physiological importance of what has been learned so far warrant intensifying basic, translational, and clinical research on sex differences in eating.neuroendocrinology; estrogens; testosterone; eating disorders; obesity SEX DIFFERENCES ARE PERVASIVE in physiology and medicine (51,64,73,109,110,466,797,826). The controls of eating and energy homeostasis are no exceptions. It was observed approximately 100 years ago that removal of the ovaries leads to marked accretion of adipose tissue in rats (697), that daily food intake expressed as kilocalories per gram body weight differs between male and female rats (778), and that food intake varies regularly through the ovarian cycle in intact female rats (674, 779). Sex differences in eating have been the subject of physiological research ever since. The clinical relevance of this work is increasingly evident. In the United States, women are approximately threefold more vulnerable than men to psychiatric eating disorders (346,351) and approximately twofold more vulnerable to severe and morbid obesity (BMI Ն 35 and 40 kg/m 2 , respectively, mass/height 2 ) (226). Women also appear to suffer more from these disorders in terms of physical and psychological functioning and quality of life (24,84,273,292,465,531,762). The increased obesity burden suffered by women is reflected in the fact that Ͼ80% of bariatric surgery patients in the U...

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“…GE was also standardized for body position, smoking, phase of the menstrual cycle, and time of day the test is performed (43)(44)(45). Medications such as prokinetic agents, antisecretory drugs, gastric acid suppressors, and narcotics affect GE.…”

Section: Gastric Emptyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal Motility, Part 1: Esophageal Transit and Gastric Emptying

Maurer

2016

J. Nucl. Med. Technol.

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CE credit: For CE credit, you can access the test for this article, as well as additional JNMT CE tests, online at https://www.snmmilearningcenter.org. Complete the test online no later than March 2019. Your online test will be scored immediately. You may make 3 attempts to pass the test and must answer 80% of the questions correctly to receive 1.0 CEH (Continuing Education Hour) credit. SNMMI members will have their CEH credit added to their VOICE transcript automatically; nonmembers will be able to print out a CE certificate upon successfully completing the test. The online test is free to SNMMI members; nonmembers must pay $15.00 by credit card when logging onto the website to take the test.Although not as well standardized as gastric emptying (GE) scintigraphy, esophageal transit scintigraphy, if performed in a comprehensive manner including both quantitative and qualitative analysis of single-and multiple-swallow studies, is clinically useful when expertise in esophageal manometry is not available or not tolerated and when esophageal manometry or barium videofluoroscopy results are equivocal or nondiagnostic. GE scintigraphy has undergone much-needed standardization. Both solid and liquid GE studies play an important role in assessing patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Because measurement of simple total GE is often not sufficient to explain patient symptoms, there is a need to expand the analysis of GE scintigraphy to include the separate roles of the fundus and antrum and to include the complex interactions the stomach has with other organ systems.

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Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on Gastric Emptying

Cited by 116 publications

References 7 publications

Normal Solid Gastric Emptying Values Measured by Scintigraphy Using Asian-style Meal:A Multicenter Study in Healthy Volunteers

Normal Solid Gastric Emptying Values Measured by Scintigraphy Using Asian-style Meal:A Multicenter Study in Healthy Volunteers

Sex differences in the physiology of eating

Gastrointestinal Motility, Part 1: Esophageal Transit and Gastric Emptying

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