Effect of the N-terminal fragment of substance P1?4 on somatic stress response and catecholamine levels in rat adrenals

Differences in genetic predisposition to high anxiety in two inbred rat strains: role of substance P, diazepam binding inhibitor fragment and neuropeptide Y

“…For example, it has been shown that intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of cholecystokinin Rex et al 1994) or diazepam-binding-inhibitor fragment (DBI) (Ashmarin et al 1992) can increase anxiety-like behaviors in rats. In contrast, ICV administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) (Heilig et al 1992(Heilig et al , 1993Britton et al 1997;Kask et al 1998a) or substance P (SP) (Arefolov et al 1989;Hasenöhrl et al 1998a) have been reported to reduce anxiety-like behaviors in rats and ICV administration of NPY-Y1 antagonists has been reported to increase measures of anxiety in rats (Kask et al 1996(Kask et al , 1998b. Finally, NK-1 receptor antagonists have also been reported to have anxiolytic-like effects (Teixeira et al 1996;File 1997) similar to those of SP, an endogenous agonist at NK-1 receptors, but these conflicting findings may be a result of differences in dose ranges studied and routes of administration (see Discussion).…”

Brain contents of substance P, diazepam-binding inhibitor, and neuropeptide Y in high- and low-anxiety inbred rats during stress

“…Octapeptide cholecystokinin enhances anxiety in rats [5], while neuropeptide Y (NPY) reduces it [6]. Substance P (SP) causes similar antistress and anxiolytic effects [1]. Moreover, a dipeptide inhibiting diazepam binding (diazepam-binding inhibitor, DBI) was found in mammalian brain.…”