Effect of the nitrogen heterocyclic compounds on hydrodesulfurization using in situ hydrogen and a dispersed Mo catalyst

Y zeolite equilibrium catalyst waste from fluidized catalytic cracking regenerated by electrokinetic treatment: An adsorbent for sulphur and nitrogen compounds

“…It was verified that the major species remaining after the conventional HDS treatment were DBT and its 4‐ and 6‐alkylated derivatives . These compounds are considered to be refractory due to the steric hindrance from the groups substituted at their 4 and 6 positions; thus, conversion using hydrotreatment is nearly impossible or is too expensive for reducing the S content in fuels to below 10 ppm by weight . The DBT molecule is large, with sizes ranging from 8–9.5 , and was thus more refractory in the HDS process than the smaller molecules, such as benzothiophene and thiophene .…”

“…The main species that remain after the conventional HDS treatment include dibenzothiophene (DBT) and its 4‐ and 6‐alkylated derivatives. These compounds are considered to be refractory due to the steric hindrance from the substitutions at their 4 and 6 positions; thus, conversion by hydrotreatment to reduce the S content in diesel fuels to below 10 ppm by weight is nearly impossible or considered too costly . The removal of nitrogen compounds is also beneficial because the catalysts are very sensitive to nitrogen compounds.…”

Aromaticity of five- and six-membered heterocycles present in crude oils – An electronic description for hydrotreatment process

“…It has been shown that pyrrolebased compounds are highly reactive than pyridine-like compounds and have less inhibiting effects in HDS. As it has been reported of 4,6-DMDBT HDS [4,41], carbazole is more reactive than acridine at several concentrations, furthermore acridine has strong influence in the inhibition of 4,6-DMDBT elimination.…”

“…Aromatic compounds present in crude oils have been object of major interest and considerable research aimed effort mainly at eliminating species produced during combustion [1,2] and also to processes where their presence is detrimental for the efficiency and safety, for instance due to either possible corrosion or collateral poisoning [3,4]. Understanding the chemical reactivity of these compounds is a crucial issue to better control of their interaction with a catalytic surface and their effect on the adsorption.…”

Integration of catalytic cracking and hydrotreating technology for triglyceride deoxygenation

“…Previously reported studies focused on either hydrotreating or catalytic cracking triglycerides but rarely on both [22][23][24][25]. The investigated co-processing for bio-oil upgrading in the literature is the hydroprocessing followed by catalytic cracking [16,26,27], which had drawbacks of low product quality (with high content oxygen and unsaturated hydrocarbons), low product yield, and high hydrogen consumption.…”