Effect of the Operation of Kerr and Hungry Horse Dams on the Reproduction Success of Kokanee in the Flathead River System, 1986 Annual Progress Report.

Beattie, Will; Clancey, Patrick

doi:10.2172/901153

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…These results are consistent with many studies that have shown that dam operations that produce fluctuating or abnormally high discharges disrupt fluvial processes and modify biological characteristics (Ward and Stanford, ; Cushman, ; Poff et al , ). Our study complements other studies in the Flathead River that have shown that flow regulation has dramatically altered the physical characteristics of the riverine environment and lower trophic levels of the aquatic ecosystem (Stanford, ; Stanford and Hauer, ; Hauer and Stanford, ; Fraley and Graham, ; Fraley and Decker‐Hess, ; Beattie et al , ; Hauer et al , ; Christenson et al , ; Hauer et al , ; Marotz et al , ) by quantifying fish habitat changes in the river.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF RIVER REGULATION ON NATIVE BULL TROUT (SALVELINUS CONFLUENTUS) AND WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS CLARKII LEWISI) HABITATS IN THE UPPER FLATHEAD RIVER, MONTANA, USA

Muhlfeld

Jones

Kotter

et al. 2011

River Research & Apps

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Hungry Horse Dam on the South Fork Flathead River, Montana, USA, has modified the natural flow regimen for power generation, flood risk management and flow augmentation for anadromous fish recovery in the Columbia River. Concern over the detrimental effects of dam operations on native resident fishes prompted research to quantify the impacts of alternative flow management strategies on threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) habitats. Seasonal and life‐stage specific habitat suitability criteria were combined with a two‐dimensional hydrodynamic habitat model to assess discharge effects on usable habitats. Telemetry data used to construct seasonal habitat suitability curves revealed that subadult (fish that emigrated from natal streams to the river system) bull trout move to shallow, low‐velocity shoreline areas at night, which are most sensitive to flow fluctuations. Habitat time series analyses comparing the natural flow regimen (predam, 1929–1952) with five postdam flow management strategies (1953–2008) show that the natural flow conditions optimize the critical bull trout habitats and that the current strategy best resembles the natural flow conditions of all postdam periods. Late summer flow augmentation for anadromous fish recovery, however, produces higher discharges than predam conditions, which reduces the availability of usable habitat during this critical growing season. Our results suggest that past flow management policies that created sporadic streamflow fluctuations were likely detrimental to resident salmonids and that natural flow management strategies will likely improve the chances of protecting key ecosystem processes and help to maintain and restore threatened bull trout and westslope cutthroat trout populations in the upper Columbia River Basin. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF RIVER REGULATION ON NATIVE BULL TROUT (SALVELINUS CONFLUENTUS) AND WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS CLARKII LEWISI) HABITATS IN THE UPPER FLATHEAD RIVER, MONTANA, USA

Muhlfeld

Jones

Kotter

et al. 2011

River Research & Apps

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“…Changing water levels resulting from operation of these dams reportedly caused kokanee spawning areas in both the river and along the lakeshore to become dessicated, killing kokanee eggs (Fraley et al 1986, Fraley and Decker-Hess 1987. The kokanee also may have been stressed by intensive annual harvests by anglers, which often removed 50% or more of the adult kokanee population (Beattie et al 1988).…”

Section: Impact On Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shrimp Stocking, Salmon Collapse, and Eagle Displacement

Spencer¹,

McClelland²,

Stanford³

1991

BioScience

251

122

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tocking of nonnative fish and fish-food organisms has long been used by fishery managers to enhance production of freshwater fisheries. Indeed, more than 25% of the freshwater fish caught by anglers in the continental United States is from nonnative stocks (Moyle et al. 1986). Recent studies, however, report negative effects of such introductions, especially on the native species (Moyle 1986, Schoenherr 1981, Taylor et al. 1984). For example, introduced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have displaced native westslope cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki lewisi) in many Rocky Mountain streams (Allendorf and Leary 1988), and introduced brown trout (Salmo trutta) have largely replaced native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in various streams in the Midwest (Moyle et al. 1986). In the Southwest, native Gila topminnows (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) have been widely replaced by introduced mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis; Schoenherr 1981, Stanford and Ward 1986). The resulting negative, long-range, or broadscale consequences of such introduc

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“…The zooplankton community changed dramatically in Flathead Lake following the appearance of the voracious planktivore, M. relicta (Bukantis 1986, Beattie et al 1988, Spencer et al 1991. Cladocerans are preferred prey for M. relicta (Grossnickle 1982, Nero and Sprules 1986, Cooper and Goldman 1980, and previous Mysis introductions have been linked to disappearance of various Cladoceran species in other lakes including Lake Tahoe and Lake Pend Oreille (Richards et al 1975, Rieman and Falter 1981).…”

Section: Cladoceramentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and abundance of zooplankton and Mysis relicta in Flathead Lake

Spencer¹,

Station.²,

Montana.³

1991

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Lake Biological Station. x ,' During 1960s and early 1970s, Mysis relicta were introduced into more that 100 lakes throughout the northwestern U.S. and British Columbia with the primary intention of providing a supplemental prey organism for salmonids, especially kokanee salmon {Oncorhynchus nerka) (Lasenby et al. 1986, Martinez and Bergerson 1989). Several lakes in the Flathead Lake catchment, northwest Montana, were stocked with M. relicta including Whitefish, Ashley and Swan Lakes. M. relicta are voracious predators on zooplankton, and previous studies have reported significant changes in zooplankton communities following other Mysis introductions (see reviews by Lasenby et al. 1986, Northcote in press). Kokanee salmon also rely on zooplankton as their principle food resource (Cooper and Goldman 1980, Leathe and Graham 1982, Rieman and Falter 1981, Vinyard et al. 1982). Previous introductions of M. relicta have been followed, in some cases, by declines in kokanee abundance. Heightened competition between kokanee salmon and M. relicta for declining zooplankton food resources has been implicated as a primary cause for reductions in kokanee abundance (Lasenby et al 1986, Spencer et al. 1991, Northcote in press). In some cases, other factors, including reduction in spawning habitat, have been implicated in kokanee declines (Fraley et al 1986, 1989, Northcote in press). M. relicta first appeared in Flathead Lake in 1981, presumably the result of downstream movement from previously stocked lakes (Leathe 1984). At that time, kokanee salmon represented the primary sport fish in the Flathead Lake. During the 1970s there were declines in kokanee spawner abundance in portions of the watershed affected by hydropower operations (Fraley et al 1986, 1989). Nevertheless, a sustained kokanee population and fishery existed in Flathead Lake through the mid-1980s, with adult kokanee populations of several hundred thousand fish, and natural kokanee recruitment of 9 million or more fry per year, coming largely from McDonald Creek in Glacier National Park (Beattie et al. 1988, Clancey and Fraley 1986). Then, within a few years after the appearance of M. relicta, the kokanee showed signs of decline, and by 1987 the fishery collapsed completely (Beattie et al. 1988). There has been considerable debate over the cause of the kokanee collapse in Flathead Lake, and at this time there is general agreement that several factors were involved. These include the introduction of M. relicta., predation by lake trout which expanded following the Mysis introduction, hydropower operations, and angler harvest.^ The present cooperative study between the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks and the Flathead Lake Biological Station was developed to provide information on one of these factors, namely the introduction of M. relicta and subsequent changes in the zooplankton community in Flathead Lake. The study also includes information on the distribution and abundance of M. relicta in Flathead Lake. Materials and methods Mvsis relicta samplin...

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Effect of the Operation of Kerr and Hungry Horse Dams on the Reproduction Success of Kokanee in the Flathead River System, 1986 Annual Progress Report.

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Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF RIVER REGULATION ON NATIVE BULL TROUT (SALVELINUS CONFLUENTUS) AND WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS CLARKII LEWISI) HABITATS IN THE UPPER FLATHEAD RIVER, MONTANA, USA

ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF RIVER REGULATION ON NATIVE BULL TROUT (SALVELINUS CONFLUENTUS) AND WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS CLARKII LEWISI) HABITATS IN THE UPPER FLATHEAD RIVER, MONTANA, USA

Shrimp Stocking, Salmon Collapse, and Eagle Displacement

Distribution and abundance of zooplankton and Mysis relicta in Flathead Lake

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