Effect of the percentage of concentrate on intake pattern in mid-lactation goats

Serment, AmÃ©lie; Giger-Reverdin, Sylvie

doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2012.08.004

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As mentioned earlier, larger meals in a shorter amount of time can increase VFA production and raise the risk for SARA (González et al, 2012). Serment and Giger-Reverdin (2012) observed a steeper decrease in the rumen pH of goats classified as "fast eaters," where 70% of the daily feed was consumed in the 90 min after feeding. In the present study, data need to be interpreted with caution, because DMI was measured daily but not for each time Feeding frequency treatment was once per day (1×; 0800 h) or 3 times per day (3×; 0800, 1500, and 2200 h).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Increased feeding frequency increased milk fat yield and may reduce the severity of subacute ruminal acidosis in higher-risk cows

Macmillan

Gao

Oba

2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objectives of this study were to determine whether feeding behavior is different between cows at higher or lower risk for subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and whether increasing feeding frequency could be used to reduce the severity of SARA in higher-risk cows. In preliminary studies, 16 ruminally cannulated lactating cows were fed high-grain diets once per day to increase the risk of SARA. After a 17-d diet adaptation, ruminal pH was measured every 30 s over 24 h. Cows were classified as higher-risk (n = 7) or lower-risk (n = 9) for SARA based on an acidosis index (area of pH <5.8/dry matter intake). Feeding behavior was recorded every 5 min over the same 24 h. The 24-h observation period was analyzed in 3 periods of 8 h after feeding. Although there was no significant difference in overall dry matter intake, higher-risk cows spent more time eating in the first 8-h period after feeding than lower-risk cows (186 vs. 153 min) and less time eating in the third 8-h period (19 vs. 43 min). In the primary experiment, 8 ruminally cannulated lactating cows were fed a high-grain diet once per day (1×; 0800 h) or 3 times per day (3×; 0800, 1500, and 2000 h) in a crossover design with 21-d periods (16 d of treatment adaptation and 5 d of data collection). Rumen pH and feeding behavior were measured over 72 h. Behavior data were summarized separately for the 3 periods (0800 to 1500, 1500 to 2200, and 2200 to 0800 h). Four cows were categorized as higher-risk and 4 as lower-risk, based on their acidosis index. The 3× feeding reduced eating time between 0800 and 1500 h (99 vs. 145 min) and increased eating time between 2200 and 0800 h (76 vs. 43 min) for all cows, regardless of category, compared with 1× feeding. For higher-risk cows, 3× feeding reduced the area below pH 5.8 (51 vs. 98 pH × min/d), but it did not affect rumen pH for the lower-risk cows. Milk yield was not different between groups, but 3× feeding increased milk fat yield (1.22 vs. 1.08 kg/d) for all cows, regardless of category, compared to 1× feeding. Our results suggest that cows at higher risk for SARA eat less evenly throughout the day; increasing feeding frequency may reduce the severity of SARA in higher-risk cows and may also increase milk fat yield.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Increased feeding frequency increased milk fat yield and may reduce the severity of subacute ruminal acidosis in higher-risk cows

Macmillan

Gao

Oba

2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Overall, the biological differences in time spent feeding between densities could be interpreted as small and thus with low practical implication value. Feeding time does not always correlate with feed intake in goats [ 52 – 54 ] probably due to flexible modification of biting rates and load according to the conditions. We reported earlier that weight gain and body condition score was not different at the various densities at the end of treatment [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density-Dependent Spacing Behaviour and Activity Budget in Pregnant, Domestic Goats (Capra hircus)

Vas

Andersen

2015

PLoS ONE

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Very little is known about the spacing behaviour in social groups of domestic goats (Capra hircus) in the farm environment. In this experiment, we studied interindividual distances, movement patterns and activity budgets in pregnant goats housed at three different densities. Norwegian dairy goats were kept in stable social groups of six animals throughout pregnancy at 1, 2 or 3 m2 per individual and their spacing behaviours (i.e. distance travelled, nearest and furthest neighbour distance) and activity budgets (e.g. resting, feeding, social activities) were monitored. Observations were made in the first, second and last thirds of pregnancy in the mornings, at noon and in the afternoons of each of these phases (4.5 hours per observation period). The findings show that goats held at animal densities of 2 and 3 m2 moved longer distances when they had more space per animal and kept larger nearest and furthest neighbour distances when compared to the 1 m2 per animal density. Less feeding activity was observed at the high animal density compared to the medium and low density treatments. The phase of gestation also had an impact on almost all behavioural variables. Closer to parturition, animals moved further distances and the increase in nearest and furthest neighbour distance was more pronounced at the lower animal densities. During the last period of gestation, goats spent less time feeding and more on resting, social behaviours and engaging in other various activities. Our data suggest that more space per goat is needed for goats closer to parturition than in the early gestation phase. We concluded that in goats spacing behaviour is density-dependent and changes with stages of pregnancy and activities. Finally, the lower density allowed animals to express individual preferences regarding spacing behaviour which is important in ensuring good welfare in a farming situation.

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“…In many dairy production systems, it is common to use high-concentrate diets to increase milk production, as described for goats (Rapetti et al 2005; Serment et al 2011) or cows (Yang & Beauchemin, 2007; Agle et al 2010). However, animals fed with those kinds of diets may suffer from sub-acute ruminal acidosis and off-feed periods can be observed (Serment & Giger-Reverdin, 2012) which demonstrates the impact of nutrition in animal production. Additionally, nutrition can have effects not only in milk composition and yield (Ollier et al 2009; Lérias et al 2013) but also on mammary gland apoptosis, which affects mammary gland involution (Colitti et al 2000).…”

Section: Mammary Gland Morphology During Lactation: Macroscopic and Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mammary gland in small ruminants: major morphological and functional events underlying milk production – a review

Lérias

Hernández-Castellano

Suárez-Trujillo

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Research

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The importance of small ruminants to the dairy industry has increased in recent years, especially in developing countries, where it has a high economic and social impact. Interestingly and despite the fact that the mammary gland is the specialised milk production organ, very few authors studied the modifications occurring in the mammary gland through the lactation period in production animals, particularly in the small ruminants, sheep (Ovis aries) and goat (Capra hircus). Nevertheless, understanding the different mammary gland patterns throughout lactation is essential to improve dairy production. In addition, associating these patterns with different milking frequencies, lactation number or different diets is also of high importance, directly affecting the dairy industry. The mammary gland is commonly composed of parenchyma and stroma, which includes the ductal system, with individual proportions of each changing during the different periods and yields in a lactation cycle. Indeed, during late gestation, as well as during early to mid-lactation, mammary gland expansion occurs, with an increase in the number of epithelial cells and lumen area, which leads to increment of the parenchyma tissue, as well as a reduction of stroma, corresponding macroscopically to the increase in mammary gland volume. Throughout late lactation, the mammary gland volume decreases owing to the regression of the secretory structure. In general, common mammary gland patterns have been shown for both goats and sheep throughout the several lactation stages, although the number of studies is limited. The main objective of this manuscript is to review the colostrogenesis and lactogenesis processes as well as to highlight the mammary gland morphological patterns underlying milk production during the lactation cycle for small ruminants, and to describe potential differences between goats and sheep, hence contributing to a better description of mammary gland development during lactation for these two poorly studied species.

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Effect of the percentage of concentrate on intake pattern in mid-lactation goats

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Increased feeding frequency increased milk fat yield and may reduce the severity of subacute ruminal acidosis in higher-risk cows

Increased feeding frequency increased milk fat yield and may reduce the severity of subacute ruminal acidosis in higher-risk cows

Density-Dependent Spacing Behaviour and Activity Budget in Pregnant, Domestic Goats (Capra hircus)

The mammary gland in small ruminants: major morphological and functional events underlying milk production – a review

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