Effect of the Polymer Structure Diversity on the Eddies Suppression of Basrah Light Crude Oil Turbulent Flow

Abstract

Poly(pentaerythritol adipate), poly(pentaerythritol sebacate), and poly(pentaerythritol hexadecandioate) derivatives containing different length alkyl branches were synthesized by two subsequent steps; the reaction of pentaerythritol with (C8-C16) linear aliphatic monocarboxylic acids and then, polymerization of products with (C6-C16) linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, using 1% para toluene sulfonic acid as a catalyst. The products were purified and characterized by FTIR, 1 H NMR, and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. End group analysis was also used as a molecular weight determination technique. The drag-reducing properties of those polymers were investigated in the turbulent flow of Basrah light crude oil using a closed-loop circulation system. Some were found to perform very well DRA and drag reduction efficacy of polymer was further found to be dependent on flowrate, polymer concentration, medium-temperature, and its chemical structure. Also, the effect of the imposed mechanical shear on the polymer stability as a function of time has been investigated using a cylindrical rotator device. It was observed that distance between branch points plays a direct role in contributing to the polymer performance and its mechanical stability.

Synthesis And Characterization Of Copolymers As Pour Point Depressants And Viscosity Index Improvers For Lubricating Oil

“…Figure (5) appears two peaks at 2924 cm -1 and 2854 cm -1 which assigned to the methyl and methylene groups respectively. also a peak at 1165 cm -1 assigned to C-O bond of the ester [10]. with the peaks disappearance of the maleic anhydride while the signal appears.…”

“…the signal appear at 3.6ppm was signed for the Protons of methyl group (d) [11]. Figure (10) shown the 1 HNMR spectra for the esterification of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride). the same signals appears for the poly(methyl methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride), only two new signals appears at 3.8 ppm and 4.2 ppm for protons (g) and (f) respectively resulting from ring opening of the maleic anhydride.…”