Effect of the Polyphenol Rich Ethyl Acetate Fraction from the Leaves of Lycium chinenseMill. on Oxidative Stress, Dyslipidemia, and Diabetes Mellitus in Streptozotocin‐Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Lycium chinenseMill., popularly known as boxthorn, is a plant that is traditionally used for treating night sweat, cough, inflammation and diabetes mellitus. However, the leaves have received little or no attention despite their potentials as a potent therapeutic agent. This study was aimed at investigating the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of the polyphenols-rich ethyl acetate fraction from the leaves of Lycium chinenseMill. on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. The ethyl acetate fraction (LFE) was selected and orally gavaged at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg dose to streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. The rats' body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile and oxidative stress markers were evaluated after the treatment period. Treatment with LFE resulted in a significant decrease in the FBG level, altered lipid profiles, and reduced the activities of the enzymes alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) in the treated diabetic rats. Furthermore, LFE significantly elevated the antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities) and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the treated rats. The present study has revealed that L. chinenseMill. possess anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic properties which is mediated through modulation of oxidative stress and polyphenolics might be responsible for the action.

Rhinacanthins‐rich extract and rhinacanthin C ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammation in streptozotocin‐nicotinamide‐induced diabetic nephropathy

“…Recent estimate have approximated that 451 million people have diabetes and this value is expected to increase to 693 million by the year 2045 (Cho et al, ). It is characterized by high glucose level in the blood due to defects in insulin action or insulin secretion, or a combination of both (Amira et al, ; Olatunji, Chen, & Zhou, ). Several life threatening complications, such as nephropathy, diabetic foot, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases arises as a result of uncontrolled blood glucose level, these diabetic complications contributes significantly to the global death rate associated with diabetes (King, Aubert, & Herman, ; Singh, Kaur, Kishore, & Gupta, ).…”

Evaluation of In Vitro α‐Amylase and α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory Potentials of 14 Medicinal Plants Constituted in Thai Folk Antidiabetic Formularies

“…[1] [2] Globally, it is estimated that approximately 422 million people are living with diabetes and this number is envisaged to be doubled by 2030. Diabetes mellitus is triggered as a result of insufficiency insulin secretion, insulin action or both.…”

Traditionally Used Plants in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Screening for Uptake Inhibition of Glucose and Fructose in the Caco2-Cell Model

“…Lycium chinenseMILL. ChinaLi et al (2004) Decrease of blood glucose and attenuation of dyslipidemia in rats Polyphenolic compoundsOlatunji et al (2017) Malus domestica BORKH.MoroccoIdm'hand et al (2020) Decrease of postprandial blood glucose in mice and humans, decrease of glucose absorption in mouse intestine, inhibition of human SGLT1 in X. laevis oocytes, inhibition of lipase in vitro, and decrease of plasma triglycerides in mice and humansPolyphenolic compounds: quercetin, phlorizin, procyanidins Sugiyama et al (2007); Schulze et al (2014) Melissa officinalis L. Iran, Turkey Shakeri et al (2016) Decrease of plasma glucose levels in rats, reduced α-glucosidase, α-amylase activity, decrease of HbA1c, serum triglyceride and fasting blood glucose levels in humans Polyphenolic compounds (flavonoids), essential oils Hasanein and Riahi (2015); Asadi et al (2019) Mentha aquatica L. n.f. Decrease of fasting blood glucose and lipid levels, nephroprotective, reduced HbA1c, and increase of insulin levels in rats Polyphenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins), saponins, volatile oils Yellanur Konda et al (2020) Momordica charantia L. Asia, South America, East Africa Rizvi and Mishra (2013), United Kingdom Swanston-Flatt et al (1991) Decrease of blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin and increase of plasma insulin in animal studies, inhibition of intestinal transporters Charantin, polypeptide-p, momordin ic, oleanolic acid 3-Omonodesmoside, and oleanolic acid 3-O-glucuronide Grover and Yadav (2004) Nigella sativa L. Jordan Al-Aboudi and Afifi (2011), Morocco Idm'hand et al (2020) Decrease of fasting blood glucose, reduced insulin resistance, and improved β-cell function n.n.…”