Effect of the Prenatal Exposure of Khat on the Skeleton of Developing Rabbit Embryo: Morphometric and Gross Anatomical Study

Nahla, Sanaa El; Abdul-Mughni, Aref Saleh; Dessouki, Amina; Hassan, Said A.

doi:10.1080/15513815.2020.1827319

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In a large-scale research by Eriksson involving 1141 Yemeni pregnant women, khat chewing pregnant women were give birth to more LBW neonates than nonconsumers (48). Some Ethiopian researchers have also noted a link between maternal khat use during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes (49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54). An institution-based cross-sectional study conducted at selected health care facilities in Harar town showed that the odd of PROM was 1.5 times higher among khat consumers as compared to non-consumers (54).…”

Section: Khat Use During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and community-level factors associated with khat (Catha edulis) use among women of reproductive age in Halaba zone, South Ethiopia: a multilevel mixed effect analysis

Wogayehu,

Demissie,

Wolka

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

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IntroductionThere is a paucity of data on factors associated with khat chewing among women of reproductive age using multilevel analysis. Furthermore, the effects of some potential factors like stressful life events, knowledge about and attitude toward the effects of khat have been given little attention and are not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the prevalence and multilevel factors associated with khat use among women of reproductive age in Halaba zone, South Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross sectional study was conducted in Halaba zone from February to July, 2023. Systematic random sampling technique was used to include 1573 study participants. The dependent variable was current khat use, which is operationalized as using khat within 30 days preceding the study. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used for the data collection.ResultsThe prevalence of current khat use among women of reproductive age was 65.9% [95%CI (63.5-68.2%)]. Factors significantly associated with khat use were; ages of women 35 and above years [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 6.35, 95% CI: (3.62, 11.13)], ever married [AOR = 2.41, 95% CI: (1.10, 5.31)], secondary and above education [AOR = 0.28, 95% CI: (0.15, 0.49)], belong to richer household [AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: (1.12, 2.75)], mass media use [AOR = 3.12, 95% CI: (1.85, 4.81)], low knowledge about khat effects [AOR = 3.12, 95% CI: (1.85, 5.24)], positive attitude towards khat use [AOR = 11.55, 95% CI: (6.76, 19.71)], and strong social support [AOR = 0.43, 95% CI: (0.28, 0.64)] and non-user friend [AOR = 0.31, 95% CI: (0.20, 0.48)]. From the community level variables: rural residence [AOR = 5.06, 95% CI: (1.82, 14.09)] was significantly associated with khat use.ConclusionKhat use among women of reproductive age was found to be very high. From individual-level factors: advanced ages of women, secondary and above education, live in the richer wealth quintile, mass media exposure, low knowledge on khat effects, positive attitude towards khat use, strong social support, and from community-level variables: residing in rural area were significantly associated with khat use. Khat use screening for all women of childbearing age, as well as referral to substance use disorder centers for those women identified as having khat use disorder, should become a standard of care in all health facilities.

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Section: Khat Use During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and community-level factors associated with khat (Catha edulis) use among women of reproductive age in Halaba zone, South Ethiopia: a multilevel mixed effect analysis

Wogayehu,

Demissie,

Wolka

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Khat contains the active chemicals cathinone and cathine, which resemble amphetamine structurally and functionally and share many pharmacologic properties [4]. Khat chewing during pregnancy is associated with the risk of low birth weight (LBW) [5][6][7], reduced length of limb long bones [8], intrauterine growth retardation [9], and prelabor rupture of membranes [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of khat (catha edulis) chewing and alcohol consumption among pregnant women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Wogayehu,

Demissie,

Wolka

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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The use of khat (Catha edulis) and alcohol during pregnancy is a serious public health problem that has been associated with a number of harmful outcomes for both the fetus and the mother’s health. There has been no systematic review with meta-analysis to determine risk factors associated with khat and alcohol use among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Therefore, we aimed to determine the pooled prevalence and risk factors of khat and alcohol use during pregnancy in Ethiopia. This review has been registered in PROSPERO with protocol ID: CRD42023395115. Studies identified from PubMed, Google Scholar, the WHO African Index Medicus, the Cochrane Library, African Journal Online, and Science Direct. Articles published from January 1, 2000 to February 10, 2023 were included. We searched for articles that included any combination of the following key terms: “khat”, “qat”, “alcohol”, “ethanol”, “prevalence”, “factors”, “pregnant” and “Ethiopia”. Two reviewers worked independently to screen studies and extract data. A funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to test publication bias. A forest plot was used to present the pooled prevalence and odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random effect model. I2 metrics were used to assess heterogeneity. The meta-analysis was carried out with Stata 14.0 software. Nine hundred sixty-two records were retrieved from different sources, and 23 studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of khat use and alcohol drinking during pregnancy was 26.6% (95% CI 17.8, 35.5) and 31.65% (95% CI: 21.8, 41.5), respectively. Partner khat use (OR 5.9 [95% CI (2.4, 14.5)]) was associated factor for khat use during pregnancy. Low educational level (OR 2.54 [95% CI (1.8, 3.5)]), pre-pregnancy alcohol use (OR 3.5 [95% CI (2.6, 4.7)]), unplanned pregnancy (OR 2.7 [95% CI (1.8, 4.0)]), history of abortion (OR 2.3 [95% CI (1.4, 3.7)]), poor social support (OR 3.3 [95% CI (2.0, 5.3)]), and mental distress (OR 2.6 [95% CI (2.0, 3.3)]) were associated factors for alcohol drinking during pregnancy. This review indicated that the magnitude of khat and alcohol use during pregnancy in Ethiopia was high. Targeted interventions for groups of pregnant women at high risk of khat and alcohol use are urgently needed. Community-based health education interventions and point-of-sale warnings are essential to reduce the burden. Future studies should consider the influence of community-level factors on khat and alcohol use during pregnancy.

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Effect of the Prenatal Exposure of Khat on the Skeleton of Developing Rabbit Embryo: Morphometric and Gross Anatomical Study

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Individual and community-level factors associated with khat (Catha edulis) use among women of reproductive age in Halaba zone, South Ethiopia: a multilevel mixed effect analysis

Individual and community-level factors associated with khat (Catha edulis) use among women of reproductive age in Halaba zone, South Ethiopia: a multilevel mixed effect analysis

The epidemiology of khat (catha edulis) chewing and alcohol consumption among pregnant women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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