Effect of the presence of alloying elements in interstitial-free and low-carbon steels on their surface composition after annealing in reducing atmospheres (dew point=−30 °C)

Feliú, S.; Pérez-Revenga, M. L.

doi:10.1007/s11661-004-0152-2

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The sputtering rate of the natural oxide films for Mg and Mg alloys is about 0.15 nm/min. This value is close to the sputtering rates obtained by [34] for Mg in air and previous results by the authors on interstitial-free (IF) steels [41]. Fig.…”

Section: J)supporting

confidence: 92%

“…The XPS spectra can be fitted with two components of a similar intensity. The first peak, located at 285.0 eV, is associated with the presence of residual C-C/C-H groups (adventitious hydrocarbon contamination) [41] not completely removed by sputtering. At 290.5 eV another component is observed which corresponds to carbonate [1,42], suggesting the formation of a significant amount of magnesium carbonate on the surface of the exposed specimens (Fig.…”

Section: Curve Fitting Of Xps Spectra For the Main Corrosion Film Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Application of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy in Understanding Corrosion Mechanisms of Magnesium and Mg-Al Alloys

Sebastián¹

2011

TOSURSJ

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Abstract:The authors present a review of their research work on the application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to characterise thin (~ 3 nm) natural oxide films that spontaneously form on the surface of magnesium and its alloys in contact with the oxygen in air, and thick (> 1 μm) corrosion films rich in carbonates and other species that form during exposure to a humid atmosphere. The results obtained can provide much useful information about the protection mechanisms of these materials. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between the alloy's Al content and the characteristics of the natural oxide film and the relationship between segregation of calcium impurities from the bulk to the outer surface of the metal and repercussions on electrochemical behaviour. The natural oxide film may alone be sufficiently protective in less aggressive environments, making it of interest to know its characteristics. A detailed study will also be made of the changes in chemical composition that may occur in this passivating film with increasing exposure time to a humid atmosphere, deteriorating or reinforcing its anticorrosive properties. In particular, an attempt will be made to research the effect on corrosion behaviour of: (a) the time the different specimens are exposed to the aggressive agent (humid atmosphere); (b) the possible formation during corrosive attack of layers that are rich in carbonates and other species; and (c) the presence of aluminium (alloying element) on the protective properties of the corrosion layers.

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Section: J)supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Curve Fitting Of Xps Spectra For the Main Corrosion Film Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy in Understanding Corrosion Mechanisms of Magnesium and Mg-Al Alloys

Sebastián¹

2011

TOSURSJ

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“…The sputtering rate of the native oxide films for Mg and Mg alloys is about 0.15 nm/min. This value is close to the sputtering rates obtained by Yao et al [51] for Mg in air and previous results from the authors on interstitial-free (IF) steels [59]. Table 3 shows the oxide layer thickness values obtained by multiplying the AIB time necessary for a significant metallic magnesium component to appear in the Mg2p peak (Fig.…”

Section: Xps Analysis Of the Spontaneously Formed Native Oxide Film Osupporting

confidence: 89%

Native Air-Formed Oxide Film and its Effect on Magnesium Alloys Corrosion

Galván¹

2010

TOCORRJ

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Abstract:The present work uses X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis to compare the chemical composition of native oxide films formed spontaneously on commercial pure magnesium and AZ31, AZ80 and AZ91D magnesium alloys. The study considers both the outer surface and inner regions of the films with the assistance of argon ion bombardment. Possible relationships are established between the alloy Al content and the native oxide film characteristics. The Al content is very similar in the oxide films on all three studied alloys. XPS identifies a much greater film thickness on AZ80 and AZ91D specimens than on AZ31 and pure Mg specimens, which seems to be related with the presence of phase (Mg 17 Al 12 ) on the AZ91D alloy surface and of the eutectic -Mg/ on the AZ80 alloy surface. Considerable Ca segregation is observed (directly related with the calcium impurities content in the bulk material) towards the outer surface of the metal, where it appears in the form of calcium oxide. Direct correspondence is found between the thickness of the native oxide film formed spontaneously on the surface of magnesium and its alloys and their subsequent corrosion resistance in exposure to a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution.

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“…The first peak, located at 285.0 eV, is associated with the presence of residual C-C/CH groups (adventitious by hydrocarbon contamination). 28 At 290 eV, another peak is observed, corresponding to CO 2 carbonate, 4 and the CO 2 peak decreases with longer heating time. Similarly, as shown in Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Band gap and defect states of MgO thin films investigated using reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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The band gap and defect states of MgO thin films were investigated by using reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) and high-energy resolution REELS (HR-REELS). HR-REELS with a primary electron energy of 0.3 keV revealed that the surface F center (FS) energy was located at approximately 4.2 eV above the valence band maximum (VBM) and the surface band gap width (E g S ) was approximately 6.3 eV. The bulk F center (F B ) energy was located approximately 4.9 eV above the VBM and the bulk band gap width was about 7.8 eV, when measured by REELS with 3 keV primary electrons. From a first-principles calculation, we confirmed that the 4.2 eV and 4.9 eV peaks were F S and F B , induced by oxygen vacancies. We also experimentally demonstrated that the HR-REELS peak height increases with increasing number of oxygen vacancies. Finally, we calculated the secondary electron emission yields (γ) for various noble gases. He and Ne were not influenced by the defect states owing to their higher ionization energies, but Ar, Kr, and Xe exhibited a stronger dependence on the defect states owing to their small ionization energies. C 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

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Effect of the presence of alloying elements in interstitial-free and low-carbon steels on their surface composition after annealing in reducing atmospheres (dew point=−30 °C)

Cited by 23 publications

References 48 publications

The Application of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy in Understanding Corrosion Mechanisms of Magnesium and Mg-Al Alloys

The Application of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy in Understanding Corrosion Mechanisms of Magnesium and Mg-Al Alloys

Native Air-Formed Oxide Film and its Effect on Magnesium Alloys Corrosion

Band gap and defect states of MgO thin films investigated using reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy

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