Effect of the rate of calcination of kaolin on the properties of metakaolin-based geopolymers

Diffo, B.B. Kenne; Elimbi, A.; Cyr, Martin; Manga, Joseph Dika; Kouamo, H. Tchakoute

doi:10.1016/j.jascer.2014.12.003

Cited by 129 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…An increase in intensity of stretching and bending vibrations of CKT assigned to O H at 3452 and 1622 cm −1 , respectively, was observed in the spectrum of G MK 0 and can be explained by increase of the nonbridging oxygens (Si O − Na + , Al O − Na + ) resulted from reaction of aluminosilicates with alkali [40]. The main band between 800 and 1250 cm −1 is attributed to the asymmetric and symmetrical stretching vibration [10] of the Si O T group (T: tetrahedral Si Or Al) in the geopolymer gel [43]. The band around 1650 cm −1 corresponds to the vibration of the H OH group.…”

Section: Ftir Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficiency of stabilization/solidification of heavy metals contained in hydroxide sludge waste into metakaolin based geopolymers

Chaabane

Moussaceb

Aït‐Mokhtar

2018

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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In this work, the S/S of heavy metals contained in hydroxide sludge waste was used into geopolymers. Metakaolin, sludge waste, hydroxide, and sodium silicate were mixed. Amount of waste added varied between 10% and 40% in the synthesis of geopolymers. Geopolymers were cured at 40°C for 24 h. After 7 and 28 days of aging, strength of the geopolymers specimen were studied. Mineralogical phases, morphology and FTIR analysis were used to characterize raw materials and geopolymers. TCLP test was used to determine amount of heavy metals released from S/S materials. Amount of heavy metals released are lower than quantities released from raw waste. Heavy metals were identified, by XRD analysis, within mineralogical phases. Results obtained shows that geopolymers can immobilize heavy metals and reduce their release to the environment. Mechanical strengths of all samples are higher than the lower required for the S/S processes. Best mechanical strength was of 9.29 and 10.02 MPa at 7 and 28 days, respectively. A decrease of mechanical strengths recorded is due to increasing amount of waste added that causes structural discontinuity within the gel during geopolymerization. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13137, 2019

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Section: Ftir Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The band around 1650 cm −1 corresponds to the vibration of the H OH group. The band between 2700 and 3750 cm −1 also corresponds to Si OH, Al OH [40] and the vibration of the OH group present in the water molecule [10]. Bands between 750 and 550 cm −1 correspond to unreacted metakaolin molecules.…”

Section: Ftir Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of stabilization/solidification of heavy metals contained in hydroxide sludge waste into metakaolin based geopolymers

Chaabane

Moussaceb

Aït‐Mokhtar

2018

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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“…During the calcination of kaolin, kaolinite transforms into amorphous metakaolinite 23 . In the diffraction patterns of both sample series (A and B), no signifi cant refl ections originating from kaolinite phase were observed (Fig.…”

Section: Xrd Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditions of synthesis and structure of metakaolin-based geopolymers: application as heavy metal cation sorbent

Król

Brylewska

Knapik

et al. 2017

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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This study presents the synthesis of geopolymer materials designed for application as self-supporting zeolite membranes. For this purpose, batches of metakaolin activated with sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide were used. During synthesis, it was assumed that low temperatures are suffi cient to receive the membranes. The composition of raw materials and temperature of activation were selected in such a way so as to correspond to the basic chemical compositions and synthesis conditions of sodalite as well as zeolites A and X. Additionally, the structural and textural properties of geopolymers were determined. The results show that it is possible to obtain composite zeolite structures in an amorphous matrix. A number of synthesized materials were used in the sorption of selected heavy metal cations (Ni 2+ , Zn 2+, Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ ). It was concluded that the investigated geopolymerization process may be applied to obtain a material with potential use as a heavy metal sorbent.

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“…Geopolymer source materials commonly researched on are calcined clay or metakaolin, blast furnace slag, fly-ash and rice husk ash. Metakaolin, calcined form of kaolin clay is a consistent material used in geopolymer research [6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of geopolymer binders and mortars from Ijero-Ekiti calcined clay, blast furnace slag and river sand

Adeniyi

Ogundiran

2020

EJCS

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Geopolymer, an inorganic polymer is a greener alternative to Portland cement because of less CO2 emissions generated during its synthesis. Main precursors needed for its formation is silica and alumina. Geopolymer source materials are primarily fly ash, blast furnace slag, calcined kaolin clays. Ijero-Ekiti kaolin clay that is rich in silica and alumina is relatively abundant in Nigeria. Hence, the aim of this study was to develop geopolymer binder and mortars using Ijero-Ekiti calcined clay, blast furnace slag and river sand. Chemical and structural characterisation of source materials was determined. Geopolymer binders were synthesised at varying proportions of clay and BFS. The binder that gave the optimum compressive strength was used to prepare geopolymer mortars with sand at varying mix ratios with 8M NaOH/NaSi2O3 solution at ambient temperature. Mechanical, structural and durability properties of the geopolymer products were investigated. FTIR spectrum of Ijero-Ekiti calcined clay showed a disappearance of surface OH groups when compared to its raw clay, confirming the transformation of kaolinite to metakaolinite. The calcined clay was composed mainly of silicon oxide and aluminium oxide. Si-O stretching vibration decreased as the BFS content increased in the binders. The water absorption values substantiated the low porosity of the binders. The geopolymer mortars compressive strength was in accordance with ASTM standard. The results confirmed the suitability of Ijero-Ekiti calcined clay as a geopolymer precursor and its combination with blast furnace slag can be used as a greener alternative to Portland cement.

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Effect of the rate of calcination of kaolin on the properties of metakaolin-based geopolymers

Cited by 129 publications

References 34 publications

Efficiency of stabilization/solidification of heavy metals contained in hydroxide sludge waste into metakaolin based geopolymers

Efficiency of stabilization/solidification of heavy metals contained in hydroxide sludge waste into metakaolin based geopolymers

Conditions of synthesis and structure of metakaolin-based geopolymers: application as heavy metal cation sorbent

Synthesis of geopolymer binders and mortars from Ijero-Ekiti calcined clay, blast furnace slag and river sand

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