2023
DOI: 10.5114/jhk/168600
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Effect of the Skill, Gender, and Kick Order on the Kinematic Characteristics of Underwater Undulatory Swimming in the Dorsal Position

Santiago Veiga,
Xiao Qiu,
Alfonso Trinidad
et al.

Abstract: Backstroke swimmers display the greatest contribution of underwater kicking during the swimming race distances, but, surprisingly, there is little evidence of how kicking kinematics in the dorsal position should be performed. The aim of the present study was to examine the kinematic characteristics of competitive swimmers during underwater undulatory swimming in the dorsal position, with special attention to the swimmers’ gender, the level of skill, and kick order. Forty-one national-level swimmers (27 females… Show more

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“…Among all the kinematic variables, kicking frequency, cycle length, joint amplitudes, range of motion (ROM), and maximum angular velocity seem to be related to UUS technique and performance (Connaboy et al, 2010;Lyakh et al, 2014Lyakh et al, , 2016Ruiz-Navarro et al, 2022b;Veiga et al, 2024). Moreover, the fact that specific activation of lower limb muscles enhances UUS performance (Crespo et al, 2021) and that the use of lower body strength exercises enhances other swimming legdominated techniques, such as flutter kicking (Mookerjee et al, 1995) and the swimming start (García-Ramos et al, 2016), support the likely role of muscle strength in UUS performance (Willems et al, 2014).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among all the kinematic variables, kicking frequency, cycle length, joint amplitudes, range of motion (ROM), and maximum angular velocity seem to be related to UUS technique and performance (Connaboy et al, 2010;Lyakh et al, 2014Lyakh et al, , 2016Ruiz-Navarro et al, 2022b;Veiga et al, 2024). Moreover, the fact that specific activation of lower limb muscles enhances UUS performance (Crespo et al, 2021) and that the use of lower body strength exercises enhances other swimming legdominated techniques, such as flutter kicking (Mookerjee et al, 1995) and the swimming start (García-Ramos et al, 2016), support the likely role of muscle strength in UUS performance (Willems et al, 2014).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%