Effect of the Strain Rate on Damage in Filled EPDM during Single and Cyclic Loadings

Candau, Nicolas; Oğuz, Oğuzhan; Peuvrel‐Disdier, Edith; Bouvard, Jean-Luc; Maspoch, M. Ll.; Corvec, Guillaume; Pradille, Christophe; Billon, Noëlle

doi:10.3390/polym12123021

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The toughness, for instance, is typical of filled rubbers undergoing close mechanical solicitations at RT. 42,43 The extensibility, on the other hand, even surpasses that of chemically cross-linked rubbers. 40 This remarkable mechanical performance at a temperature above PEO T m is due to the presence of a durable physically cross-linked network formed by hydrogen-bonded HSs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stiff, Strong, Tough, and Highly Stretchable Hydrogels Based on Dual Stimuli-Responsive Semicrystalline Poly(urethane–urea) Copolymers

Candau

Stoclet

Tahon

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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There has been a considerable interest in developing stiff, strong, tough, and highly stretchable hydrogels in various fields of science and technology including biomedical and sensing applications. However, simultaneous optimization of stiffness, strength, toughness, and extensibility is a challenge for any material, and hydrogels are well-known to be mechanically weak materials. Here, we demonstrate that poly(ethylene oxide)-based dual stimuli-responsive semicrystalline poly(urethane−urea) (PU) copolymers with high hard segment contents (30 and 40%) can be utilized as stiff, strong, tough, and highly stretchable hydrogels with an elastic modulus (4−10 MPa) tens to hundreds of times higher than that of conventional hydrogels (0.01−0.1 MPa), strength (7−13 MPa) and toughness (53−74 MJ• m −3 ) fairly comparable to those of the toughest hydrogels reported in the literature, and stretchability beyond 10 times their initial length (1000−1250%). In addition, the shapememory program has been used to tune the room temperature stiffness and strength of the studied PU copolymers. Finally, the materials show fast shape recovery (less than 10 s) during both heat-and water-activated shape memory cycles, which can be adjusted by a simple modulation of the hard segment content and/or soft segment molecular weight. Our findings may be of interest in emerging biomedical and sensing applications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stiff, Strong, Tough, and Highly Stretchable Hydrogels Based on Dual Stimuli-Responsive Semicrystalline Poly(urethane–urea) Copolymers

Candau

Stoclet

Tahon

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…At molecular scale, such damage may traduce the rubber chains scission, sulphur-bonds breakage or rubber-filler rupture ( Figure 3 b). Possibly, the filler aggregates present into the GTR may also undergo filler–filler rupture, as had been discussed in the case of mechanically damaged carbon black filled rubbers [ 60 , 61 , 62 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly (Lactic Acid)/Ground Tire Rubber Blends Using Peroxide Vulcanization

et al. 2021

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Poly (Lactic Acid) (PLA)/Ground Tire Rubber (GTR) blends using Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a crosslinking agent were prepared with the following aims: propose a new route to recycle wastes rubber from the automotive industry and improve the toughness and impact strength of the inherently brittle bio-based PLA. The GTR were subjected to two types of grinding process (cryo- and dry ambient grinding). Swelling measurements revealed the grinding to be associated with a mechanical damage of the rubber chains, independently on the type of grinding or on the GTR size (from <400 µm to <63 µm). Moreover, the finest GTR contains the largest amount of reinforcing elements (carbon black, clay) that can be advantageously used in PLA/GTR blends. Indeed, the use of the finest cryo-grinded GTR in the presence of DCP showed the least decrease of the tensile strength (−30%); maintenance of the tensile modulus and the largest improvement of the strain at break (+80%), energy at break (+60%) and impact strength (+90%) as compared to the neat PLA. The results were attributed to the good dispersion of both fine GTR and clay particles into the PLA matrix. Moreover, a possible re-crosslinking of the GTR particles and/or co-crosslinking at PLA/GTR interface in presence of DCP is expected to contribute to such improved ductility and impact strength.

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“…The presence of CB clusters play an important effect on the unrecoverable network rearrangement, which has been demonstrated via SEM and computed tomography (CT) x-ray scanner observations (32, Candau et al. , 2020b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Thermo-mechanical aging of carbon-black reinforced styrene-butadiene rubber under cyclic-loading

Dinari,

Benameur,

Khoshnaw

2024

MMMS

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PurposeThe research aims to investigate the impact of thermo-mechanical aging on SBR under cyclic-loading. By conducting experimental analyses and developing a 3D finite element analysis (FEA) model, it seeks to understand chemical and physical changes during aging processes. This research provides insights into nonlinear mechanical behavior, stress softening and microstructural alterations in SBR compounds, improving material performance and guiding future strategies.Design/methodology/approachThis study combines experimental analyses, including cyclic tensile loading, attenuated total reflection (ATR), spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) line scans, to investigate the effects of thermo-mechanical aging (TMA) on carbon-black (CB) reinforced styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). It employs a 3D FEA model using the Abaqus/Implicit code to comprehend the nonlinear behavior and stress softening response, offering a holistic understanding of aging processes and mechanical behavior under cyclic-loading.FindingsThis study reveals significant insights into SBR behavior during thermo-mechanical aging. Findings include surface roughness variations, chemical alterations and microstructural changes. Notably, a partial recovery of stiffness was observed as a function of CB volume fraction. The developed 3D FEA model accurately depicts nonlinear behavior, stress softening and strain fields around CB particles in unstressed states, predicting hysteresis and energy dissipation in aged SBRs.Originality/valueThis research offers novel insights by comprehensively investigating the impact of thermo-mechanical aging on CB-reinforced-SBR. The fusion of experimental techniques with FEA simulations reveals time-dependent mechanical behavior and microstructural changes in SBR materials. The model serves as a valuable tool for predicting material responses under various conditions, advancing the design and engineering of SBR-based products across industries.

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Effect of the Strain Rate on Damage in Filled EPDM during Single and Cyclic Loadings

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Stiff, Strong, Tough, and Highly Stretchable Hydrogels Based on Dual Stimuli-Responsive Semicrystalline Poly(urethane–urea) Copolymers

Stiff, Strong, Tough, and Highly Stretchable Hydrogels Based on Dual Stimuli-Responsive Semicrystalline Poly(urethane–urea) Copolymers

Poly (Lactic Acid)/Ground Tire Rubber Blends Using Peroxide Vulcanization

Thermo-mechanical aging of carbon-black reinforced styrene-butadiene rubber under cyclic-loading

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