Effect of the Surface Treatment of a Graphite Furnace with a Refractory Element (Hafnium, Titanium, Tungsten and Zirconium) by a One-Drop Coating Method on the Atomization Mechanism of Indium in Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Determination of Indium by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Coprecipitation with Chitosan

“…1), which is consistent with results in previous reports. 5,8,10,18,20 Lanthanum was found to particularly effective in the proposed procedure.…”

“…17 The poor sensitivity toward indium is caused by substantial analyte loss due to vaporization of the indium oxides before atomization. To overcome the low sensitivity toward indium, chemical modifiers 8,10,17,18 and/or a metal-coated graphite furnace [19][20][21] were investigated.…”

“…A chemical modifier 8,10,17,18 and/or a metal-coated graphite furnace [19][20][21] are often employed to improve the low sensitivity of GFAAS toward indium. This poor sensitivity is caused by substantial analyte losses due to the formation and vaporization of volatile oxides.…”

Large-Volume Injection Electrothermal AAS Combined with Tungsten-treated Pyrolytic Graphite Furnace: Determination of Cadmium in Tap, Snow and River Water Samples with Phosphate Modifier

“…1 It was found that the whole surface of the sample compartment was uniformly treated by W, but disordered graphite portions were found in the treated area. 2 The analytical effectiveness of a Wtreated pyrolytic graphite (PG) furnace has been reported by Imai et al, which provides for the stable injection of a large volume (100 µl) of solution of Pb and As with high precision. 3,4 Recently, it was found for Cd that a sample solution was condensed at the center of the sample compartment at any volume in 10 -100 µl, and was vaporized smoothly without the formation of any bubble during the dry stage only in the Wtreated PG furnace.…”

Single drop surface modified graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for large volume injection: determination of cadmium

“…8 It was found by Raman scattering that the whole surface of the sample compartment was uniformly treated by Hf, Zr, and W and crude graphite remained in the treated area. 9 The effectiveness of a W-treated pyrolytic graphite (PG) furnace has been reported by Imai et al 10 which provides for the stable injection of a large volume (100 ml) of Pb solution with high precision. The calculated limit of detection (LOD) was enhanced from sub mg l 21 levels to 20 ng l 21 with a characteristic mass (m 0 ; integrated absorbance of 0.0044) of 12 pg using a Pd modifier and a hollow cathode lamp.…”