Effect of the suspension of Ag-incorporated TiO2 nanoparticles (Ag-TiO2 NPs) on certain growth, physiology and phytotoxicity parameters in spinach seedlings
Abstract:In this work, the effect of the inoculation of silver-incorporated titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Ag-TiO2 NPs) in spinach seeds was evaluated on certain growth, physiology and phytotoxicity parameters of the plants. This is an important crop for human consumption with high nutritional value due to their low calorie and fat content, providing various vitamins and minerals, especially iron. These NPs were obtained by means of the sol-gel method and heat treatment; the resulting powder material was characterized… Show more
“…Studies of TiO 2 interaction with plants have mixed effects where the presence of TiO 2 enhances some species’ growth of multiple organs such as roots or stems, while other cases show detrimental effects on the growth of these organs [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Many mechanisms associated with growth inhibition involve root hair blockage by NMs and damage by ROS, reducing plants’ ability to absorb nutrients, causing reduced plant growth, and multiple morphological traits alteration [ 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”
The present study analyzed Medicago sativa L. crops irrigated by TiO2 in the anatase phase and TiO2 doped with Ag, Fe, and Cu ions at 0.1%w synthesized using the sol–gel method (SG) and the sol–gel method coupled with microwave (Mw-SG). The materials were added to the irrigation water at different concentrations (50, 100, and 500 ppm). Stress induction by nanomaterials was observed by measuring stem morphology, chlorophyll index, total phenols and flavonoids, and antioxidant activity through the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy) radical inhibition assay. The nanomaterial treatments caused statistically significant reductions in parameters such as stem length, leaf size, and chlorophyll index and increases in total phenol content and DPPH inhibition percentage. However, the observed effects did not show clear evidence regarding the type of nanomaterial used, its synthesis methodology, or a concentration-dependent response. By generally grouping the results obtained to the type of dopant used and the synthesis method, the relationship between them was determined employing a two-way ANOVA. It was observed that the dopant factors, synthesis, and interaction were relevant for most treatments. Additionally, the addition of microwaves in the synthesis method resulted in the largest number of treatments with a significant increase in the total content of phenols and the % inhibition compared to the traditional sol–gel synthesis. In contrast, parameters such as stem size and chlorophyll index were affected under different treatments from both synthesis methods.
“…Studies of TiO 2 interaction with plants have mixed effects where the presence of TiO 2 enhances some species’ growth of multiple organs such as roots or stems, while other cases show detrimental effects on the growth of these organs [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Many mechanisms associated with growth inhibition involve root hair blockage by NMs and damage by ROS, reducing plants’ ability to absorb nutrients, causing reduced plant growth, and multiple morphological traits alteration [ 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”
The present study analyzed Medicago sativa L. crops irrigated by TiO2 in the anatase phase and TiO2 doped with Ag, Fe, and Cu ions at 0.1%w synthesized using the sol–gel method (SG) and the sol–gel method coupled with microwave (Mw-SG). The materials were added to the irrigation water at different concentrations (50, 100, and 500 ppm). Stress induction by nanomaterials was observed by measuring stem morphology, chlorophyll index, total phenols and flavonoids, and antioxidant activity through the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy) radical inhibition assay. The nanomaterial treatments caused statistically significant reductions in parameters such as stem length, leaf size, and chlorophyll index and increases in total phenol content and DPPH inhibition percentage. However, the observed effects did not show clear evidence regarding the type of nanomaterial used, its synthesis methodology, or a concentration-dependent response. By generally grouping the results obtained to the type of dopant used and the synthesis method, the relationship between them was determined employing a two-way ANOVA. It was observed that the dopant factors, synthesis, and interaction were relevant for most treatments. Additionally, the addition of microwaves in the synthesis method resulted in the largest number of treatments with a significant increase in the total content of phenols and the % inhibition compared to the traditional sol–gel synthesis. In contrast, parameters such as stem size and chlorophyll index were affected under different treatments from both synthesis methods.
“…In a work examining silver-incorporated titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Ag-TiO 2 NPs, 7 and 26 nm) for spinach seed treatment and spinach plant growth, it showed that the plant growth could be affected by particle concentration and size. The positive effects of Ag-TiO 2 NP treatment were attributed to the generation of reactive oxidized species that can induce antimicrobial activities to retain a healthy microenvironment for plant growth [ 116 ]. Fig.…”
New advances in nanotechnology are driving a wave of technology revolution impacting a broad range of areas in agricultural production. The current work reviews nanopesticides, nano-fabricated fertilizers, and nano activity-based growth promoters reported in the last several years, focusing on mechanisms revealed for preparation and functioning. It appears to us that with many fundamental concepts have been demonstrated over last two decades, new advances in this area continue to expand mainly in three directions, i.e., efficiency improvement, material sustainability and environment-specific stimulation functionalities. It is also evident that environmental and health concerns associated with nano agrochemicals are the primary motivation and focus for most recent work. Challenges and perspectives for future development of nano agrochemicals are also discussed.
“…The impact of TiO 2 is not limited only to aquatic vegetation and its toxic effects have also been explored in terrestrial plants, where accumulation/uptake appears to occur via their root system in a concentration dependent manner [ 13 , 69 , 92 ]. Although detrimental effects of TiO 2 should always be of concern (e.g., [ 73 ]), it is apparent that TiO 2 can induce some changes that could be considered beneficial, such as an increase in chlorophyll content and connected plant weight/growth, at least at lower concentrations [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 105 ], which is particularly interesting in agriculture. However, using nanoparticles as fitomediatory means is a double-edged sword, since dietary uptake into human consumers can follow, generating health risks [ 13 ].…”
Section: Tio
2
Nps and Other Eukaryotes—toxic Or Not?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Singh and Kumar [ 13 ] report an increase in chlorophyll content in spinach ( Spinacia oleracea ) after treatment with sewage sludge containing TiO 2 NPs. Gordillo–Delgrado et al [ 105 ] also report that at certain small concentrations TiO 2 can be beneficial to S. oleracea , even when combined with silver nanoparticles and could be of potential agronomic use.…”
Section: Tio
2
Nps and Other Eukaryotes—toxic Or Not?mentioning
Nanoparticulate TiO2 (TiO2 NPs) is a widely used material, whose potential toxicity towards eukaryotic cells has been addressed by multiple studies. TiO2 NPs are considered toxic due to their production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can, among others, lead to cellular damage, inflammatory responses, and differences in gene expression. TiO2 NPs exhibited toxicity in multiple organs in animals, generating potential health risks also in humans, such as developing tumors or progress of preexisting cancer processes. On the other hand, the capability of TiO2 NPs to induce cell death has found application in photodynamic therapy of cancers. In aquatic environments, much has been done in understanding the impact of TiO2 on bivalves, in which an effect on hemocytes, among others, is reported. Adversities are also reported from other aquatic organisms, including primary producers. These are affected also on land and though some potential benefit might exist when it comes to agricultural plants, TiO2 can also lead to cellular damage and should be considered when it comes to transfer along the food chain towards human consumers. In general, much work still needs to be done to unravel the delicate balance between beneficial and detrimental effects of TiO2 NPs on eukaryotic cells.
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