Effect of the Temperature-Humidity Index on Body Temperature and Conception Rate of Lactating Dairy Cows in Southwestern Japan

Nabenishi, Hisashi; Ohta, Hiroshi; Nishimoto, Tadashi; Morita, Tetsuo; Ashizawa, Koji; Tsuzuki, Yasuhiro

doi:10.1262/jrd.10-135t

Cited by 87 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Summer heat stress affects oviductal functions increases under hot conditions. For example, the vaginal temperature of cows was found to increase to w40.5 8C under high-temperature conditions (Nabenishi et al 2011). Oviductal smooth muscle is relaxed by PGE 2 and induced to contract by PGF 2a (Al-Alem et al 2007, Siemieniuch et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summer heat stress affects prostaglandin synthesis in the bovine oviduct

et al. 2013

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Summer heat stress (HS) negatively affects reproductive functions, including prostaglandin (PG) F 2a secretion in the endometrium, and decreases fertility in cattle. In the present study, we examined the effects of elevated temperatures on PG synthesis in oviductal epithelial cells. The epithelial cells obtained from the ampulla and isthmus of the oviduct were incubated at various temperatures (38.5, 39.5, 40.0, and 40.5 8C) for 24 h. In the ampulla, PGE 2 concentration was higher at 40.5 8C than at 38.5 8C, while PGF 2a production was not affected by the temperatures in this range. The expressions of microsomal PGE synthase 1 (PTGES (mPGES1)), cytosolic PGES (PTGES3 (cPGES)), and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90AA1 (HSP90)) mRNAs and proteins were higher at 40.5 8C than at 38.5 8C in the ampullary epithelial cells. Seasonal changes in the expressions of PGES and HSP90AA1 mRNAs in oviductal tissues were also investigated. The expressions of PTGES3 and HSP90AA1 mRNAs were higher in the ampullary tissues in summer than in winter. In summary, elevated temperatures stimulated PGE 2 production in the ampullary oviduct by increasing the expressions of PGESs and HSP90AA1, which can activate cPGES. The overall results suggest that HS upsets PG secretions and reduces oviductal smooth muscle motility, which in turn could decrease gamete/embryo transport through the oviduct.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summer heat stress affects prostaglandin synthesis in the bovine oviduct

et al. 2013

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“…While it is difficult to place a short-term internal temperature-measuring device in the rectum, intravaginal placement is relatively easy. The usefulness of VT measurements has been demonstrated for continuous monitoring of the core body temperature [26, 27]. In this study, although the mean BST measured at the upper neck of ewes was lower than the mean VT by 3.7°C, a significant correlation was observed between the two parameters, suggesting that BST is associated with core body temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Decrease in body surface temperature before parturition in ewes

Nabenishi

Yamazaki

2017

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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This study investigated the correlation between the body surface temperature (BST) and core body temperature of ewes and changes in BST during the prepartum stage in pregnant ewes. Four non-pregnant adult ewes were used in the first experiment. The BST of the upper neck, vaginal temperature (VT), and ambient temperature (AT) were measured every 10 min for seven days and analyzed for correlations. The mean (± SD) BST and VT of ewes during the study period were 35.4 ± 1.7°C and 39.1 ± 0.4°C, respectively, with a correlation of r = 0.62, P < 0.001. This finding suggested that the BST was associated with core body temperature in ewes. In the subsequent experiment, seven pregnant ewes in their third trimester were used to evaluate changes in BST measured at the upper neck 72 h before parturition. The mean BST at –24–0 h (0 h = time of parturition) was significantly lower than that at –72– –48 h and –48– –24 h (P < 0.05). The BST tended to decrease toward parturition; all BST measurements at –16– –3 h were significantly lower than those at –72 h (P < 0.05). A clear circadian rhythm in the BST was observed at two days and the day before parturition and an unclear circadian rhythm was observed on the day of parturition. Therefore, these findings indicate that the BST also decreases before parturition, as do vaginal and rectal temperatures.

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“…embryos from B. indicus cattle being more tolerant to high temperatures, but interactions from genetic differences attributed to sire effects independent of breed, and farm management should be taken into account. An increase of THI from 66 to 78 was associated with a decrease of conception rate from 47 to 27%, while Nabenishi et al (2011) found a decrease of only 12%. The critical limit for THI in relation to a reduced conception rate in meat cattle was set at 73, and for minimal daily dry air temperature at 17 °C (Amundson, Mader, Rasby, & Hu, 2006).…”

Section: Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The data used were mean values calculated on resp. 727, 25505, 11, 17 and 200 records (Hansen & Aréchiga, 1997;Morton et al, 2007;Nabenishi et al, 2011;Tao & Dahl, 2013;Zimbelman et al, 2007). One can assume normality of distribution of the original population, based on the central limit theorem stating that the distribution of the sum (or average) of a large number of independent, identically distributed variables will be approximately normal, regardless of the underlying distribution (Stigler, 1986).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Dairy Cattle Need Protection against Weather in a Temperate Climate? A Review

Geers¹,

Vermeulen²,

Snoeks³

et al. 2014

JAS

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Information on effects of weather conditions on milk production of dairy cows is rather scarce. Legislation exists in some countries saying when and how protection should be available for cows on pasture. Producers refer to the extra costs, and are not always convinced of the return of investment. Therefore, (re)production variables of high producing dairy cows were reviewed in relation to weather conditions in a mild climate. The objective was to understand mechanisms cows are using for acclimatization, which might affect (re)production, and to propose managing tools. An overall critical dry air temperature seems to be about 16 °C, with cumulative interactions from relative humidity, wind speed, radiation and rain fall. The explanation is related to the cow's thermoregulatory physiology associated with her heat and energy balance, as a primary need. Modulating factors, such as breed, individual capacity, feed composition and farm management have to be taken into account.The effects have to be considered as important at herd level, especially in a system with year round calving, since production might be below peak production up to six months of the year. Planning of day of calving should avoid peak production during summer, since mild heat stress might counteract the expression of genetic progress for (re)production. However, since the most important factor seems to be the level of dry air temperature, the effects will be independent of protection or not. Hence, there will be no direct return of investment moneywise, but indirectly as appreciation from society for animal welfare.

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Effect of the Temperature-Humidity Index on Body Temperature and Conception Rate of Lactating Dairy Cows in Southwestern Japan

Cited by 87 publications

References 52 publications

Summer heat stress affects prostaglandin synthesis in the bovine oviduct

Summer heat stress affects prostaglandin synthesis in the bovine oviduct

Decrease in body surface temperature before parturition in ewes

Do Dairy Cattle Need Protection against Weather in a Temperate Climate? A Review

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