“…These features have made it desirable for several applications including photocatalysis [3], surface acoustic wave devices [4], photodetectors [5], gas sensors [6], light-emitting diodes [7,8], and solar cells [9]. ZnO lms has been produced using various methods such as thermal evaporation [10], pulsed laser [11], sol-gel spin-coated [12,13], spray pyrolysis [14], rf sputtering [15,16], electro deposition [17], dc-rf magnetron sputtering [18,19], metal-organic chemical vapor deposition [20], and so on. Among these coating methods, the sol-gel method is preferred by many researchers because of its advantages such as its simplicity, low cost, large area coatings, homogeneous composition, enabling lm thickness control [21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”