Effect of thermal crosslinking on the properties of sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfone)s as proton conductive membranes

Zhang, Yaojian; Kim, Je Deok; Miyatake, Kenji

doi:10.1002/app.44218

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For example, several aromatic polymer ionomer membranes, such as polybenzimidazole (PBI) [6,7], sulfonated polyphenylene oxide (SPPO) [8], sulfonated polyimide [9][10][11], sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) [12,13], sulfonated polyphenylene (SPP) [14], sulfonated polyphenylene sulfone (SPPS) [15], sulfonated polysulfone (SPSU) [16][17][18][19][20][21], sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK) [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33], and sulfonated polyphenylsulfone (SPPSU) [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49], are being actively investigated. The rigid molecular chain structures of aromatic polymers provide high thermal stabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These mechanical and chemical properties are big obstacles for applying SPPSUs in PEMFCs. We are developing a crosslinked sulfonated polyphenylsulfone (CSPPSU) membrane having good thermal and chemical properties with good proton conductivities [34,36,37]. Organic solvent-free CSPPSU membranes have been reported [34,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic solvent-free CSPPSU membranes have been reported [34,37]. Moreover, an SPPSU with a high sulfonation degree from bis(4-fluorophenyl)sulfone (FPS) monomer has been used to prepare a CSPPSU membrane [36]. The membranes have high proton conductivities (>0.1 S/cm at 90% RH, 80 • C) [34,36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemically Crosslinked Sulfonated Polyphenylsulfone (CSPPSU) Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells

2020

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Sulfonated polyphenylsulfone (SPPSU) with a high ion exchange capacity (IEC) was synthesized using commercially available polyphenylsulfone (PPSU), and a large-area (16 × 18 cm 2 ) crosslinked sulfonated polyphenylsulfone (CSPPSU) membrane was prepared. In addition, we developed an activation process in which the membrane was treated with alkaline and acidic solutions to remove sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), which forms as a byproduct during heat treatment. CSPPSU membranes obtained using this activation method had high thermal, mechanical and chemical stabilities. In I-V iR free studies for fuel cell evaluation, high performances similar to those using Nafion were obtained. In addition, from the hydrogen (H 2 ) gas crossover characteristics, the durability is much better than that of a Nafion212 membrane. In the studies evaluating the long-term stabilities by using a constant current method, a stability of 4000 h was obtained for the first time. These results indicate that the CSPPSU membrane obtained by using our activation method is promising as a polymer electrolyte membrane.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemically Crosslinked Sulfonated Polyphenylsulfone (CSPPSU) Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells

2020

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“…The decrease of tensile strength with growing comonomer content may be due to the crosslinked grafted chains of the copolymers which decreased the regularity and inhibited the crystallization of PP. In addition, the crosslinked grafted copolymers were in rubbery state, decreasing the stiffness of PP [40]. All the grafted PP had higher notched impact strength than that of pure PP.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The notched impact strength of PP-g-(BA-co-ACO) could be four to five times higher than that of pure PP. The toughness of grafted product was improved effectively by grafted copolymer which could absorb and transfer stress [40]. The tensile strength descended slightly from 36.9 to 29.4 MPa (about 20% decrease) with growing comonomer content.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Preparation of toughened polypropylene‐g‐poly(butyl acrylate‐co‐acrylated castor oil) by suspension grafting polymerization

Zhao

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Butyl acrylate (BA) with acrylated castor oil (ACO) was grafted onto porous polypropylene (PP) granules by grafting polymerization. Crosslinked copolymer microdomains which functioned as rubber phase to improve the toughness of PP were filled into the pores of PP granules. The sizes of crosslinked copolymer microdomains were controlled in the range of 0.1-1 lm in PP matrix. The results of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope of PP-g-(BA-co-ACO) after extracted by acetone confirmed that BA and ACO were grafted onto PP successfully. The effects of comonomer ratio, initiator content and comonomer content on grafting percentage (GP) and grafting efficiency (GE) were investigated. The GP of PP-g-(BA-co-ACO) could be up to 21.3% with the comonomer content increasing to 25%. The crosslinked copolymer decreased the melting flow index and the relative crystallinity of PP. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis showed that the glass transition temperature of PP decreased slightly from 228C to 158C. The addition of 5% comonomer content led to an increase of notched impact strength from 1.96 to 3.81 kJ/m 2 (nearly doubled) and a marginal decrease in the tensile strength of PP. Then with further addition of comonomer, the notched impact strength increased to 8.98 kJ/m 2 while the tensile strength was 29.37 MPa. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:86-93, 2018.

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Sulfonation mechanisms of aromatic polymers for PEMFC applications

Yan

Yue

2021

Fuel Cells

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The sulfonated aromatic polymers are competitive proton conducting materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cells because of their relatively low costs and adequate performances compared with the perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomers. These polymeric materials can be economically synthesized by the sulfonation of existing aromatic polymers; however, the inadequate sulfonation degree has prevented the further optimization of their overall performances. In order to improve the overall performances of sulfonated aromatic polymeric proton conducting materials, the sulfonation mechanisms of typical aromatic polymers, including bisphenol A type polysulfone (BPA-PSF), 4,4'-biphenol type polysulfone (44BP-PSF), poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), and poly(ether sulfone) (PES), are studied in terms of transition states and activation energies using density functional theory calculations with satisfactory results. It is concluded that the sulfonations are favored at the ortho-position of direct arylene-arylene linkage and ether bond linkage, but retarded by the bulky sulfonyl linkage, dimethyl methylene linkage, and carbonyl linkage. It is also concluded that the solvation effect from polar solvent reduces the activation barrier more efficiently than that from nonpolar solvent.

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Effect of thermal crosslinking on the properties of sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfone)s as proton conductive membranes

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Chemically Crosslinked Sulfonated Polyphenylsulfone (CSPPSU) Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells

Chemically Crosslinked Sulfonated Polyphenylsulfone (CSPPSU) Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells

Preparation of toughened polypropylene‐g‐poly(butyl acrylate‐co‐acrylated castor oil) by suspension grafting polymerization

Sulfonation mechanisms of aromatic polymers for PEMFC applications

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