“…For a temperature of 80 o C, the adhesive-zinc interface proved to be the weaker interface, whereas at 40 o C, the adhesive-aluminium interface turned out to be weaker. Additionally, Qin et al [364] investigated the effect of thermal cycling on the degradation of adhesively bonded carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) with aluminium alloy mixed joints for automobile structures. The reason for the strength loss of the bond was observed to be mainly due to the degradation of the adhesion interface between the two-component epoxy and the CFRP.…”
Section: Adhesive Bonding Of Lightweight Multi-materials and Compositesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In Figure 44 the selected experimental setups selected for this investigations are illustrated altering from the standard tensile and single lap-shear tests. [364]…”
Section: Adhesive Bonding Of Lightweight Multi-materials and Compositesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Similarly, the mechanical properties of selfpiercing riveted and resistance spot welded aluminium alloy assembly for the automotive industry are compared for different loading conditions experimentally, i.e. symmetrical and asymmetrical as well as T-peel, by Han et al [385] Bartczak et al [386] study the stress distribution of spotbonded steel alloy sheets for the automotive industry by means of experimental tests also proving a greater energy required for the hybrid joint failure while Yao et al [387] deal with the experimental study of high [364] strength steel adhesive joint reinforced by rivet for automotive applications. Finally, in the literature, shear-lap hybrid adhesive joints with selfpiercing rivets, traditional rivets and bolts of composite materials with metallic alloys for automotive lightweight applications are investigated in respect to their strength and failure behaviour .…”
Section: Hybrid Adhesive Bonding Techniques In Automotive Body-in-whitementioning
The development of new adhesives has allowed to expand the application of bonding into the most diverse industrial fields. This review article presents the commonly used experimental methods for the investigation of mechanical performance of adhesively bonded joints in the aerospace, wind energy, automotive and civil engineering sectors. In these sectors, due to their excellent intrinsic properties, composite materials are often used along with conventional materials such as steel, concrete and aluminium. In this context, and due to the limitations that the traditional joining techniques present, adhesive joints are an excellent alternative. However, standardized experimental procedures are not always applicable for testing representative adhesive joints in these industries. Lack of relevant regulations across the different fields is often overcome by the academia and companies' own regulations and standards. Additional costs are thus mitigated to the industrial sectors in relation with the certification process which effectively can deprive even the biggest companies from promoting adhesive bonding. To ensure continuous growth of the adhesive bonding field the new international standards, focusing on actual adhesive joints' performance rather than on specific application of adhesive joints are necessary.
“…For a temperature of 80 o C, the adhesive-zinc interface proved to be the weaker interface, whereas at 40 o C, the adhesive-aluminium interface turned out to be weaker. Additionally, Qin et al [364] investigated the effect of thermal cycling on the degradation of adhesively bonded carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) with aluminium alloy mixed joints for automobile structures. The reason for the strength loss of the bond was observed to be mainly due to the degradation of the adhesion interface between the two-component epoxy and the CFRP.…”
Section: Adhesive Bonding Of Lightweight Multi-materials and Compositesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In Figure 44 the selected experimental setups selected for this investigations are illustrated altering from the standard tensile and single lap-shear tests. [364]…”
Section: Adhesive Bonding Of Lightweight Multi-materials and Compositesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Similarly, the mechanical properties of selfpiercing riveted and resistance spot welded aluminium alloy assembly for the automotive industry are compared for different loading conditions experimentally, i.e. symmetrical and asymmetrical as well as T-peel, by Han et al [385] Bartczak et al [386] study the stress distribution of spotbonded steel alloy sheets for the automotive industry by means of experimental tests also proving a greater energy required for the hybrid joint failure while Yao et al [387] deal with the experimental study of high [364] strength steel adhesive joint reinforced by rivet for automotive applications. Finally, in the literature, shear-lap hybrid adhesive joints with selfpiercing rivets, traditional rivets and bolts of composite materials with metallic alloys for automotive lightweight applications are investigated in respect to their strength and failure behaviour .…”
Section: Hybrid Adhesive Bonding Techniques In Automotive Body-in-whitementioning
The development of new adhesives has allowed to expand the application of bonding into the most diverse industrial fields. This review article presents the commonly used experimental methods for the investigation of mechanical performance of adhesively bonded joints in the aerospace, wind energy, automotive and civil engineering sectors. In these sectors, due to their excellent intrinsic properties, composite materials are often used along with conventional materials such as steel, concrete and aluminium. In this context, and due to the limitations that the traditional joining techniques present, adhesive joints are an excellent alternative. However, standardized experimental procedures are not always applicable for testing representative adhesive joints in these industries. Lack of relevant regulations across the different fields is often overcome by the academia and companies' own regulations and standards. Additional costs are thus mitigated to the industrial sectors in relation with the certification process which effectively can deprive even the biggest companies from promoting adhesive bonding. To ensure continuous growth of the adhesive bonding field the new international standards, focusing on actual adhesive joints' performance rather than on specific application of adhesive joints are necessary.
“…There are numerous studies in the literature aimed at investigating the stress distribution in the adhesive layer. However, one weakness of adhesive technology is the effects of exposure to moisture and high temperatures [11], [12]. In fact, exposure to humid environmental conditions leads to the presence of water, which promotes degradation phenomena on the adhesive [13].…”
The adhesive technique is observing a considerable increase in applications in various fields. Unlike traditional joining methods, this technology allows the stress peaks and the weight of the resulting structure to be reduced. Adhesive joints during their service life not only undergo mechanical but also thermal stresses. The thermal compatibility between the adhesive and the adherents used is a fundamental aspect to consider in the design phase. This paper reports on and analyses the results obtained from a linear Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation for a hybrid adhesive joint, as the thickness and characteristics of the adhesive layer vary. An analytical solution for adhesive free joints is presented according to both beam and plate theories. The analytical and numerical results, in case of no adhesive, are in good agreement with good approximation. The introduction of the adhesive layer allows to obtain higher displacement values than in the adhesive-free configuration. The increase in displacement and therefore in ductility confirms the effectiveness of the adhesive joint for real applications.
Today, the aim is to reduce the harm caused by vehicles to the environment in accordance with decisions made to address environmental pollution and the global climate crisis. To this end, in addition to design improvements, and technological advancements, materials that can reduce the weight of the vehicles and provide the desired mechanical properties, are being studied. Glass fiber‐polyamide composites offer a unique combination of properties that make them suitable for a wide range of applications in the automotive industry. This study focused on the production of GF‐PA6 composites using compression molding and Tailor Fiber Placement (TFP) technology. The production was carried out at a constant temperature of 300°C, and 16 bar pressure, with holding times of 270–300–330 s. Short‐term thermal aging cycles were also applied to evaluate the effects of environmental exposure on the GF‐PA6 composite material. The wear behavior of the composite was then assessed through sliding wear tests, which indicated that an increase in holding time improved the wear resistance, while the aging process had a negative impact. The experimental results were analyzed statistically using response surface methodology (RSM) and showed a statistically consistent response. It was found that aging had no significant effect on the coefficient of friction (COF), but significantly impacted the wear rate. The COF of composite samples decreased approximately 35% with increasing holding time. When the sliding distance increased from 150 to 300 m, the wear rate value decreased by 24% in non‐aged samples and by 35% in aged samples.
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