Effect of thermal debinding and sintering parameters on the mechanical properties of 4605 MIM compact using the RSM

Momeni, Vahid; Zangi, Hadi; Alaei, Mohammad Hossein

doi:10.1080/2374068x.2021.1945807

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A thermoplastic polymer with a good combination of stiffness and flexibility is often the main component [ 32 ]. Backbones help in shape retention of the green part during the debinding step when the main binder component is removed [ 33 ]. Improving the flowability of the feedstock and spreading the powder throughout the polymer matrix to avoid agglomeration could be done by plasticizers and surfactants [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Polypropylene (PP)-Backbones in Aluminium Feedstock for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)

et al. 2023

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The current study presents the effect of the backbone as an important binder component on the mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties of Aluminium (Al) alloy feedstocks. A thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) main binder component was blended with either polypropylene (PP), grafted-maleic anhydride-PP (PPMA), or grafted-maleic anhydride-PPwax (PPMAwax) plus PP, as the backbone. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests were performed to investigate the thermal properties of binder systems and feedstocks. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study the chemical interaction between the binder and the Al alloy. After making feedstock filaments, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fused filament fabrication (FFF) printing were done. The results showed that although the PP printability was acceptable, the best mechanical properties and printed quality can be achieved by PPMA. TGA test showed that all binder systems in the feedstocks could be removed completely around 500 °C. From FTIR, the possibility of chemical reactions between Al alloy particles and maleic anhydride groups on the grafted PP backbone could explain the better dispersion of the mixture and higher mechanical properties. Tensile strength in PP samples was 3.4 MPa which was improved 1.8 times using PPMA as the backbone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Polypropylene (PP)-Backbones in Aluminium Feedstock for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)

et al. 2023

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“…The binder system consists of four steps: feedstock preparation, injection molding, debinding and sintering [8][9][10]. The powder and binder are weighed in a certain proportion and then mixed at a specific temperature to prepare feedstock; the specific temperature depends on the choice of binder system [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Polyvinylpyrrolidone Content on Pure Titanium Injection Molding

Zhang,

Li,

et al. 2023

Crystals

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In water-soluble binder systems, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) are often used as primary and secondary components. The PEG/PMMA binder system is clean and environmentally friendly, but the discrepancy between the crystallization temperature of PEG and the glass transition temperature of PMMA leads to the generation of pores in the feedstock. The solidification pores have an adverse impact on the final mechanical properties of the samples. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), as a crystallization inhibitor, can inhibit the formation of porosity. In this study, spherical titanium powder with a diameter of less than 45 μm was used as metal powder; the binder system consisted of PEG, PMMA and SA. Different increments of PVP (0, 10%, 20%, 30 wt.%) were added to the PEG/PMMA binder system. The uniformity of the feedstock and the open channels generated after debinding were observed using SEM. The pores’ condition before and after debinding was studied using Micro CT, and the mechanical properties of the samples were also detected. By comparing the macroscopic and microscopic morphologies of the injected samples and mechanical properties of the sintered samples, it was found that a PVP content of 20 wt.% resulted in the best properties.

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“…The feedstock is then heated and injected under pressure into a mold with the proper geometry to produce "green" components. Afterward, the green specimens are treated with various processes to remove all binder ingredients during the debinding phase [13][14][15]. The debound parts, called "brown" parts, need to be sintered to achieve high physical and mechanical properties values [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on Low-Pressure Powder Injection Molding

et al. 2022

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Powder injection molding (PIM) is a well-known technique to manufacture net-shaped, complicated, macro or micro parts employing a wide range of materials and alloys. Depending on the pressure applied to inject the feedstock, this process can be separated into low-pressure (LPIM) and high-pressure (HPIM) injection molding. Although the LPIM and HPIM processes are theoretically similar, all steps have substantial differences, particularly feedstock preparation, injection, and debinding. After decades of focusing on HPIM, low-viscosity feedstocks with improved flowability have recently been produced utilizing low-molecular-weight polymers for LPIM. It has been proven that LPIM can be used for making parts in low quantities or mass production. Compared to HPIM, which could only be used for the mass production of metallic and ceramic components, LPIM can give an outstanding opportunity to cover applications in low or large batch production rates. Due to the use of low-cost equipment, LPIM also provides several economic benefits. However, establishing an optimal binder system for all powders that should be injected at extremely low pressures (below 1 MPa) is challenging. Therefore, various defects may occur throughout the mixing, injection, debinding, and sintering stages. Since all steps in the process are interrelated, it is important to have a general picture of the whole process which needs a scientific overview. This paper reviews the potential of LPIM and the characteristics of all steps. A complete academic and research background survey on the applications, challenges, and prospects has been indicated. It can be concluded that although many challenges of LPIM have been solved, it could be a proper solution to use this process and materials in developing new applications for technologies such as additive manufacturing and processing of sensitive alloys.

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Effect of thermal debinding and sintering parameters on the mechanical properties of 4605 MIM compact using the RSM

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of Different Polypropylene (PP)-Backbones in Aluminium Feedstock for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)

Effects of Different Polypropylene (PP)-Backbones in Aluminium Feedstock for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)

Effect of Polyvinylpyrrolidone Content on Pure Titanium Injection Molding

Research Progress on Low-Pressure Powder Injection Molding

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