Effect of thermal modification of wood on the rheology, mechanical properties and dimensional stability of wood composite filaments and 3D-printed parts

Krapež Tomec, Daša; Schöflinger, Manfred; Leßlhumer, Jürgen; Žigon, Jure; Humar, Miha; Kariž, Mirko

doi:10.1080/17480272.2024.2316740

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of 1% MCC lowered the T g temperature and increased the crystallinity of the composite, indicating the best polymer chain mobility and crystal lattice structure. In earlier research, it was reported that the G ′ value of pure PLA was 0.83 GPa [49] or 1.04 GPa [30]. The storage and loss moduli as a function of frequency in a range between 0.1 and 100 Hz at a constant shear stress of 25 Pa are shown in Figure 6.…”

Section: Rheological Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Approximately 200 m of each filament (Table 1) was produced. In all compositions, 30 wt% of TM wood was used, as this was the percentage that showed the best properties in previous research [30].…”

Section: Filament Extrusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As previously studied, the overall mechanical properties of polymer blends and composites depend on several factors, such as the aspect ratio of the additives, the crystallinity of the polymer matrix, the optimal number of additives, and the interfacial adhesion between the polymers and fillers [ 29 ]. Based on previous research [ 30 ], TM wood was used to ensure better compatibility with PLA. We have used MCC to reduce the production costs in the case of commercial filaments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Effects of Microcrystalline Cellulose Addition on the Properties of Wood–PLA Filaments for 3D Printing

Krapež Tomec,

Schöflinger,

Leßlhumer

et al. 2024

Polymers

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper describes the use of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as an additive in wood-polylactic acid (PLA) filaments suitable for 3D printing. Filaments prepared with PLA, thermally modified (TM) wood, and three different MCC loadings (1, 3, and 5 wt%) by two-step melt blending in the extruder were characterized with respect to their rheological, thermal, and mechanical response. The analyses demonstrate that a low MCC content (1%) improves the mobility of the polymer chains and contributes to a higher elasticity of the matrix chain, a higher crystallinity, a lower glass transition temperature (by 1.66 °C), and a lower melting temperature (by 1.31 °C) and leads to a higher tensile strength (1.2%) and a higher modulus of elasticity (12.1%). Higher MCC loading hinders the mobility of the polymer matrix and leads to a rearrangement of the crystal lattice structure, resulting in a decrease in crystallinity. Scanning electron micrographs show that the cellulose is well distributed and dispersed in the PLA matrix, with some agglomeration occurring at higher MCC levels. The main objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a filament containing an optimal amount of MCC to improve compatibility between wood and PLA, optimize melt processability, and improve mechanical properties. It can be concluded that a 1% addition of MCC favorably changes the properties of the wood–PLA filaments, while a higher MCC content does not have this effect.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rheological Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Filament Extrusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Effects of Microcrystalline Cellulose Addition on the Properties of Wood–PLA Filaments for 3D Printing

Krapež Tomec,

Schöflinger,

Leßlhumer

et al. 2024

Polymers

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Effects of key process parameters on tensile properties and interlayer bonding behavior of 3D printed PLA using fused filament fabrication

Gajjar,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Prog Addit Manuf

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), also known as Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), is one of the innovative 3D printing technologies for fabricating complex components and products. Mechanical properties of 3D-printed components mostly depend on intricate process parameters of 3D printing. This study experimentally investigates the effects of four key process parameters, including layer thickness, raster angle, feed rate, and nozzle temperature, on the tensile properties and interfacial bonding behaviours of FFF printed Polylactic Acid (PLA), and their failure mechanisms. The effect of the key parameters on surface roughness is also evaluated, which is critical for enhancing manufacturing and material performance, expecting to provide a potential guide for optimisation of the FFF printing process for improving product quality. The experimental results demonstrate that tensile strength improves up to 10 and 7% with increasing nozzle temperature (200 °C to 220 °C) and low feed rate (60 mm/sec to 40 mm/sec) during the 3D printing process. The tensile strength increases up to 12% with decreasing layer thickness (0.4 mm to 0.2 mm) and 40% with decreasing raster angle (90° to 0°). The experimental findings on surface roughness indicate that FFF-printed PLA samples were significantly influenced by the layer thickness and raster angle, and an improvement in surface roughness is observed with the increase of nozzle temperature and reduction in feed rate. Microstructural SEM analysis was conducted to investigate the ruptured surfaces of the FFF printed PLA samples, focusing on the interlayer bonding quality and morphological characteristics including the effect of void formation, poor adhesion, and insufficient fusion between adjacent surface contact area with the effect of printing parameters. The feed rate and nozzle temperature were found to substantially influence the interlayer bonding between two adjacent surfaces.

show abstract

Effect of Material Extrusion Process Parameters to Enhance Water Vapour Adsorption Capacity of PLA/Wood Composite Printed Parts

Martínez-Sánchez,

Romero,

Comino

et al. 2024

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aims to optimise the water vapour adsorption capacity of polylactic acid (PLA) and wood composite materials for application in dehumidification systems through material extrusion additive manufacturing. By analysing key process parameters, including nozzle diameter, layer height, and temperature, the research evaluates their impact on the porosity and adsorption performance of the composite. Additionally, the influence of different infill densities on moisture absorption is investigated. The results show that increasing wood content significantly enhances water vapour adsorption, with nozzle diameter and layer height identified as the most critical factors. These findings confirm that composite materials, especially those with higher wood content and optimised printing parameters, offer promising solutions for improving dehumidification efficiency. Potential applications include heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems or environmental control. This work introduces an innovative approach to using composite materials in desiccant-based dehumidification and provides a solid foundation for future research. Further studies could focus on optimising material formulations and scaling this approach for broader industrial applications.

show abstract

Effect of thermal modification of wood on the rheology, mechanical properties and dimensional stability of wood composite filaments and 3D-printed parts

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

The Effects of Microcrystalline Cellulose Addition on the Properties of Wood–PLA Filaments for 3D Printing

The Effects of Microcrystalline Cellulose Addition on the Properties of Wood–PLA Filaments for 3D Printing

Effects of key process parameters on tensile properties and interlayer bonding behavior of 3D printed PLA using fused filament fabrication

Effect of Material Extrusion Process Parameters to Enhance Water Vapour Adsorption Capacity of PLA/Wood Composite Printed Parts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About