Effect of thiamethoxam on cockroach locomotor activity is associated with its metabolite clothianidin

Benzidane, Yassine; Touinsi, Sarra; Motte, Emilie; Jadas-Hécart, Alain; Communal, Pierre-Yves; Leduc, Lionel; Thany, Steeve Hervé

doi:10.1002/ps.2022

Cited by 73 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…These results correspond with insect toxicological results, which consider thiamethoxam to be only a "moderately toxic" insecticide (Tan et al, 2007) and also by arthropod (crustacean and insect) assays (Anderson et al, 2015). We should also note, however, that thiamethoxam is the precursor of the more effective clothianidin (Benzidane et al, 2010) and likely metabolized in the treated plants or in the insects affected. We cannot rule out that thiamethoxam has a higher toxic potential under field conditions than we can assess by laboratory experiments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The metabolites of some of these neonicotinoids also possess bioactivity; for example clothianidin, the active metabolite of thiamethoxam, has an even stronger effect in the insect CNS than thiamethoxam itself (Benzidane et al, 2010). The toxic effect of the neonicotinoids is based on their strong agonist binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which is confined to the CNS in the insect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neonicotinoid insecticides inhibit cholinergic neurotransmission in a molluscan (Lymnaea stagnalis) nervous system

et al. 2015

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Neonicotinoids are highly potent and selective systemic insecticides, but their widespread use also has a growing impact on non-target animals and contaminates the environment, including surface waters. We tested the neonicotinoid insecticides commercially available in Hungary (acetamiprid, Mospilan; imidacloprid, Kohinor; thiamethoxam, Actara; clothianidin, Apacs; thiacloprid, Calypso) on cholinergic synapses that exist between the VD4 and RPeD1 neurons in the central nervous system of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. In the concentration range used (0.01-1 mg/ml), neither chemical acted as an acetylcholine (ACh) agonist; instead, both displayed antagonist activity, inhibiting the cholinergic excitatory components of the VD4-RPeD1 connection. Thiacloprid (0.01 mg/ml) blocked almost 90 % of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), while the less effective thiamethoxam (0.1mg/ml) reduced the synaptic responses by about 15 %. The ACh-evoked membrane responses of the RPeD1 neuron were similarly inhibited by the neonicotinoids, confirming that the same ACh receptor (AChR) target was involved. We conclude that neonicotinoids act on nicotinergic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the snail CNS. This has been established previously in the insect CNS; however, our data indicate differences in the background mechanism or the nAChR binding site in the snail. Here we provide the first results concerning neonicotinoid-related toxic effects on the neuronal connections in the molluscan nervous system. Aquatic animals, including molluscs, are at direct risk while facing contaminated surface waters, and snails may provide a suitable model for further studies of the behavioural/neuronal consequences of intoxication by neonicotinoids.Tihany, Hungary, July 22, 2015 Dr. Mikko Nikinmaa Editorial Office Aquatic ToxicologyDear Dr Nikinmaa, Thank you very much for your response to our manuscript submission. We gratefully thank you and our reviewers for reading the manuscript, and we appreciate all the helpful comments made.After carefully checking the Reviewers' comments we improved the manuscript on the basis of their suggestions. Please find our detailed answers to the Reviewers below. Reviewer #1:We greatly appreciate the Reviewer's comment "one of the best written manuscripts that I have reviewed" Minor points Materials and Methods How was Lymnaea saline obtained? Is this the modified HiDi saline? If not, what is HiDi?For isolating the monosynaptic components of the synaptic responses between two neurons the perfusion chamber was filled with a modified saline which reduces the polysynaptically evoked postsynaptic responses and enhances the monosynaptic component (Berry and Pentreath, 1976). This modified saline contains higher amount of divalent cations (Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ), therefore often nicknamed as HiDi saline (Brierly et al., 1997, Sivaramakrishnan et al., 2013. We added details to the text accordingly Electrophysiological recordingThere is a Winlow 1991 anda Syed et al. 1990 (PNEC, EC50, mechanistic...) We...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonicotinoid insecticides inhibit cholinergic neurotransmission in a molluscan (Lymnaea stagnalis) nervous system

et al. 2015

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“…Chromatography to observe the metabolic breakdown of thiamethoxam into clothianidin within the tissues of plants (Nauen et al, 2003) and insects (Benzidane et al, 2010;Nauen et al, 2003). These studies raise a noteworthy issue within toxicological studies; the metabolites of neonicotinoid insecticides can be abundant in agroecosystems and in some cases are more effective at eliciting toxic responses than the active ingredient of the product initially applied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies raise a noteworthy issue within toxicological studies; the metabolites of neonicotinoid insecticides can be abundant in agroecosystems and in some cases are more effective at eliciting toxic responses than the active ingredient of the product initially applied. For example, a study comparing thiamethoxam and clothianidin (thiamethoxam's main breakdown metabolite) showed higher toxicity of clothianidin to Periplaneta americana (L.) (Blattodea: Blattidae) (Benzidane et al, 2010). The future of non-target risk assessments and insecticidal fate research must take into consideration the breakdown products of an insecticide and whether or not they pose a risk to beneficial insects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of insecticide dose and herbivore density on tri-trophic effects of thiamethoxam in a system involving wheat, aphids, and ladybeetles

2015

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a b s t r a c tWe assess how herbivore density and insecticide dose affects the tri-trophic interactions among thiamethoxam-treated wheat (Triticum sp.), Rhophalosiphum padi and the predatory Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer. In the first experiment 2nd and 4th instar C. maculata were fed aphids reared for 24 h on wheat plants treated with sub-lethal thiamethoxam soil drenches to assess the effect of insecticidal dose on the predator. In the second experiment a constant, sub-lethal thiamethoxam soil drench was used on wheat plants, but the plants were infested with different densities of aphids. Aphids from each density treatment were then fed to C. maculata 2nd instars. Insecticide levels within wheat and aphid tissues were quantified using a competitive ELISA. In experiment one, 4th instars of C. maculata displayed no negative effects after consuming aphids from treated plants. However, 2nd instars of C. maculata ate more treated aphids than untreated aphids and larval development times varied between the untreated larvae and those receiving the low dose of the insecticide. In experiment two, the 2nd instar C. maculata displayed slower walking speeds after consuming aphids from low aphid density plants. Thiamethoxam within wheat tissue was found at higher levels with increasing dose. This insecticide was also found at higher levels in wheat plants with the lowest aphid density. Clothianidin, a toxic metabolite of thiamethoxam, was found in aphids that had fed on thiamethoxam-treated wheat, but no differences between treatments were observed. The neonicotinoid treatment altered the quality of R. padi as prey for 2nd instar C. maculata, but this depended on the aphid infestation level on the plants. In addition to revealing a potential deleterious effect of thiamethoxam systemic insecticides in wheat, our assays provide insight into the design and interpretation of toxicity assays involving systemic neonicotinoids and herbivores.Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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“…In contrast, thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid insecticide that targets nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system of insects, causing overstimulation at low concentrations, and receptor blockage, paralysis and death at higher concentrations (Tomizawa and Casida 2005). Furthermore, thiamethoxam breaks down into clothianidin, a highly active openchain neonicotinoid with somewhat different properties (Ohkawara et al 2002;Schwarz et al 2002) which may contribute to its activity in both plants and insects (Benzidane et al 2010). Both classes of materials pose potential hazards to non-target organisms because of their ability to contaminate pollen, floral and extrafloral nectar (Lahm et al 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-target effects of chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam on Chrysoperla carnea when employed as sunflower seed treatments

et al. 2014

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Effect of thiamethoxam on cockroach locomotor activity is associated with its metabolite clothianidin

Cited by 73 publications

References 35 publications

Neonicotinoid insecticides inhibit cholinergic neurotransmission in a molluscan (Lymnaea stagnalis) nervous system

Neonicotinoid insecticides inhibit cholinergic neurotransmission in a molluscan (Lymnaea stagnalis) nervous system

The effects of insecticide dose and herbivore density on tri-trophic effects of thiamethoxam in a system involving wheat, aphids, and ladybeetles

Non-target effects of chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam on Chrysoperla carnea when employed as sunflower seed treatments

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