Effect of three structurally different epoxy resins on fire resistance, optical transparency, and physicomechanical properties of intumescent fire-retardant transparent coatings

Shree, Raj; Naik, R. Baloji; Naik, Rupesh S.; Gunasekaran, G.

doi:10.1007/s11998-020-00422-4

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The FTIR spectrum of the synthesized PEA is shown in Figure 2. The stretching vibration peak of the -OH groups [14] appeared at 3535 cm À 1 , and the vibration absorption peak of the PÀ OH groups [10] appeared at 2360 cm À 1 . The peak at 1469 cm À 1 can be attributed to the stretching vibration of the CÀ H groups.…”

Section: Characterization Of Peamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shree et al (2021) studied the effect of PEA on fire-retardant coatings and found that aliphatic epoxy-based transparent coating produces tough and compact char. [10] Xu et al (2018) introduced BA into cyclic phosphate acid (PEA) and successfully synthesized a phosphorus boron flame retardant. The addition of BA significantly improves the char structure of the coating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shree et al. (2021) studied the effect of PEA on fire‐retardant coatings and found that aliphatic epoxy‐based transparent coating produces tough and compact char [10] . Xu et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Pyrolysis Performance of a Cyclic Phosphate‐Melamine Intumescent Fire‐Retardant Coating System Using Ceria as an Additive

et al. 2022

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In this study, cyclic phosphate ester (PEA)-melamine (MEL) epoxy fire-retardant coatings were prepared using ceria (CeO2) as an additive. In addition, the effect of ceria on the fireproof performance of the fire-retardant coatings was analyzed. PEA was prepared and characterized as a flame retardant and a hardener in the system. PEA was mixed with epoxy resin and ceria to produce the coatings, which were then characterized in terms of thermal stability, flame-retardant performance, and smoke suppression property. Results showed that ceria can significantly improve the fire resistance of the coatings.Compared with the coating without ceria, the coating with 6 % ceria had 56 % lower peak of heat release rate and 61 % lower peak smoke production rate. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the addition of ceria improved the thermal stability of the coatings and increased the weight of the residual char to 43.5 %. The internal condition of the foam structure of the expanded residual char was studied using scanning electron microscope. The infrared spectrum of the residual char indicated that the introduction of ceria effectively promoted the formation of cross-linked structures.

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Section: Characterization Of Peamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Pyrolysis Performance of a Cyclic Phosphate‐Melamine Intumescent Fire‐Retardant Coating System Using Ceria as an Additive

et al. 2022

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“…Normally, the intumescent coatings are composed of a proper binder and the combinations of an acid source, a gas source and a carbon source, which can form a cellular expansion layer that acts as a physical barrier against heat and mass transfer when exposed to flame and high temperature [ 1 ]. Currently, transparent intumescent fire-retardant coatings are considered to be a high-efficient material for protection of ancient buildings, cultural relics and high-quality wood-based furniture against fire with reserving their original appearance [ 2 ]. However, fabricating transparent fire-retardant coatings faces a huge challenge as both super optical transparency and fire resistance are usually competitive properties [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tian et al [ 13 ] synthesized silane-modified polyphosphate esters via the reaction of dimethyldichlorosilane and polyphosphate ester, then mixed with amino resin to obtain the transparent fire-retardant coatings with the optimum fire-resistant time of 171 min. Shree et al [ 2 ] found that cycloaliphatic epoxy-based phosphate resin acid (PRA) imparts better mechanical and fire-resistant properties to amino transparent fire-retardant coatings compared to both aliphatic epoxy-based PRA and aromatic epoxy-based PRA. Ma et al [ 14 ] synthesized a novel phosphorus-containing flame retardant diallyl 4-phenylphosphonicbenzoic (DAPB) and applied to prepare UV-cured transparent intumescent coating for wood substrates, and found that the coated wood has a self-extinguishing ability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Resistance, Thermal and Anti-Ageing Properties of Transparent Fire-Retardant Coatings Modified with Different Molecular Weights of Polyethylene Glycol Borate

et al. 2021

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Four kinds of polyethylene glycol borate (PEG-BA) with different molecular weights were grafted into cyclic phosphate ester (PEA) to obtain flexible phosphate esters (PPBs), and then applied in amino resin to obtain a series of transparent intumescent fire-retardant coatings. The comprehensive properties of the transparent coatings containing different molecular weights of PEG-BA were investigated by various analytical instruments. The transparency and mechanical analyses indicate that the presence of PEG-BA slightly decreases the optical transparency of the coatings but improves the flexibility and adhesion classification of the coatings. The results from fire protection and cone calorimeter tests show that low molecular weight of PEG-BA exerts a positive flame-retarded effect in the coatings, while high molecular weight of PEG800-BA behaves against flame-retarded effect. Thermogravimetric and char residue analyses show that the incorporation of low molecular weight of PEG-BA clearly increases the thermal stability and residual weight of the coatings and generates a more compact and stable intumescent char on the surface of the coatings, thus resulting in superior synergistic flame-retarded effect. In particular, MPPB1 coating containing PEG200-BA exerts the best flame-retarded effect and highest residual weight of 36.3% at 700 °C, which has 57.6% reduction in flame spread rate and 23.9% reduction in total heat release compared to those of MPPB0 without PEG-BA. Accelerated ageing test shows that low molecular weight of PEG-BA promotes to enhance the durability of structural stability and fire resistance of the coatings, while PEG800-BA with high molecular weight weakens the ageing resistance. In summary, the fire-resistant and anti-ageing efficiencies of PEG-BA in the coatings depend on its molecular weight, which present the order of PEG200-BA > PEG400-BA > PEG600-BA > PEG800-BA.

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Multi-technique characterization and thermal degradation study of epoxy modified resins designed for multifunctional applications

Ciprioti,

Raimondo,

Vertuccio

et al. 2024

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Tetraglycidyl methylene dianiline (TGMDA) was mixed with 1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDE) (in a 4:1 mass ratio) and with a stoichiometric amount of the curing agent diaminodiphenyl sulfone which was solubilized at 120 °C for 20 min in the liquid mixture TGMDA + BDE. The so obtained unfilled epoxy resin matrix, denoted as ER, was blended with glycidyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and carbon nanotubes in suitable proportions to obtain binary and ternary mixtures. Characterization of the formulated materials was performed using different experimental techniques, such as Dynamic mechanical analysis, Thermogravimetry (TG), Field emission scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the investigation of the flame behavior was carried out by the limiting oxygen index and mass loss calorimeter measurements. Direct current measurements and investigation by Tunneling atomic force microscopy of the conductive nanodomain map allowed the evaluation of the electrical properties of the developed nanofilled systems. The TG data related to thermal decomposition of ER and its binary and ternary mixtures were processed according to isoconversional kinetic analysis by assuming a non-Arrhenian behavior of the temperature function, and lifetime prediction was estimated at suitable relatively low temperatures and possible relation between the thermal stability and the presence of each component was discussed. This method of kinetic analysis paves the way for the possibility of evaluating in a more realistic way, on the basis of thermal stability, the potential application of structural resins with primary load functions in contact with hot areas of aeronautical aircraft engines.

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Effect of three structurally different epoxy resins on fire resistance, optical transparency, and physicomechanical properties of intumescent fire-retardant transparent coatings

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Improved Pyrolysis Performance of a Cyclic Phosphate‐Melamine Intumescent Fire‐Retardant Coating System Using Ceria as an Additive

Improved Pyrolysis Performance of a Cyclic Phosphate‐Melamine Intumescent Fire‐Retardant Coating System Using Ceria as an Additive

Fire Resistance, Thermal and Anti-Ageing Properties of Transparent Fire-Retardant Coatings Modified with Different Molecular Weights of Polyethylene Glycol Borate

Multi-technique characterization and thermal degradation study of epoxy modified resins designed for multifunctional applications

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