Effect of tillage intensity on weed infestation in organic farming

Gruber, Sabine; Claupein, Wilhelm

doi:10.1016/j.still.2009.06.001

Cited by 110 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Weed management represents a major challenge to adopting conservation tillage in organic systems [52,53]. Tillage influences weed life cycle processes by directly destroying seedlings, redistributing seeds vertically in the soil profile, and altering soil properties that influence seed persistence, dormancy, germination, and seedling survival [20,54].…”

Section: Organic Zero Tillage Effects On Weedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Organic Zero Tillage Systems on Crops, Weeds, and Soil Quality

2013

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Abstract:Organic farming has been identified as promoting soil quality even though tillage is used for weed suppression. Adopting zero tillage and other conservation tillage practices can enhance soil quality in cropping systems where synthetic agri-chemicals are relied on for crop nutrition and weed control. Attempts have been made to eliminate tillage completely when growing several field crops organically. Vegetative mulch produced by killed cover crops in organic zero tillage systems can suppress annual weeds, but large amounts are needed for adequate early season weed control. Established perennial weeds are not controlled by cover crop mulch. Integrated weed management strategies that include other cultural as well as biological and mechanical controls have potential and need to be incorporated into organic zero tillage research efforts. Market crop performance in organic zero tillage systems has been mixed because of weed, nutrient cycling, and other problems that still must be solved. Soil quality benefits have been demonstrated in comparisons between organic conservation tillage and inversion tillage systems, but studies that include zero tillage treatments are lacking. Research is needed which identifies agronomic strategies for optimum market crop performance, acceptable levels of weed suppression, and soil quality benefits following adoption of organic zero tillage. OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2013, 5 3173

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Section: Organic Zero Tillage Effects On Weedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Organic Zero Tillage Systems on Crops, Weeds, and Soil Quality

2013

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“…Weeds having the greatest impact on yield were perennial weeds like C. arvense L. [13], and direct seeding resulted in complete yield loss of the cash crop in some years due to excessive weed pressure [59]. Reduced N availability in RT and NT in the spring was another important factor that led to yield loss under German climatic conditions.…”

Section: Trial Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the double-layer plough performed well in reducing weeds and stabilizing cash grain yield in some instances [13,16], but not in others. For example, a higher incidence in weeds and subsequent yield reduction was associated with double layer ploughing in a meta-analysis of studies across Europe, Canada, and the USA [69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, soil is disturbed to roughly a 10-cm depth using these implements, though the depth can vary depending on the location. The highest weed pressure and lowest yields usually occurred in RT treatments in field trials, particularly when cereals and grain legumes were grown [13,46,47], even though cover crops and undersown crops were frequently included in these treatments to reduce weed pressure…”

Section: Reduced Tillagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At some locations (e.g., Frankenhausen), different mechanization methods (Turiel ridge system, Ecomat for shallow inversion tillage, conventional moldboard plough) are being used [44]. Some field experiments compare not only the impact of varying tillage depths, inversion versus non-inversion tillage (e.g., moldboard plough, double layer plough, chisel plough or rototiller) but also rotation adaptation in RT systems that emphasize increases in soil cover to reduce weed pressure (e.g., [51]), while others maintain the rotations that were designed for plough based cropping systems and only vary tillage (e.g., [13]). In general, yield levels are reduced under RT, but there is a wide variation among trial sites, years and plant species (Table 1).…”

Section: Research Aims and Trial Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced Tillage and No-Till in Organic Farming Systems, Germany—Status Quo, Potentials and Challenges

Zikeli

Gruber

2017

Agriculture

Self Cite

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Abstract:Only 34% of all German farms apply reduced tillage (RT), while approximately 1% of the arable land is under no-tillage (NT). Statistics for organic farming are not available, but the percentages are probably even lower. The development of German organic RT and NT has been strongly driven by pioneer farmers for 40 years, and supported by field trials since the 1990s. The main motive for conversion to RT is increased soil quality, followed by reduced labor costs. NT combined with high-residue cover crops plays only a very small role. Rather, German organic farmers resort to shallow ploughing, a reduced number of ploughing operations in the rotation and/or substitution of the ploughing with non-inversion tillage. In field trials, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields were reduced up to 67% by using RT methods compared to inversion tillage treatments due to reduced mineralization and increased weed pressure, both of which are major obstacles that impede the wider adoption of RT and NT by German organic farmers. Improvement of NT and RT (rotations, implements, timing) in organic farming is a task of both agricultural practice and science. A number of conventional farmers who have recently converted to organic farming are already familiar with RT. These farmers will act as a thriving factor to implement their experience after conversion and contribute to further innovations of RT in organic farming.

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Production of Forage Crops Suitable for Feeding Organically Raised Meat Animals

Manolov

Yancheva

2012

Organic Meat Production and Processing

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Effect of tillage intensity on weed infestation in organic farming

Cited by 110 publications

References 20 publications

Impacts of Organic Zero Tillage Systems on Crops, Weeds, and Soil Quality

Impacts of Organic Zero Tillage Systems on Crops, Weeds, and Soil Quality

Reduced Tillage and No-Till in Organic Farming Systems, Germany—Status Quo, Potentials and Challenges

Production of Forage Crops Suitable for Feeding Organically Raised Meat Animals

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