Effect of Timber Harvest Practices on Populations of<i>Cornus florida</i>and Severity of Dogwood Anthracnose in Western North Carolina

Britton, Kerry O.; Pepper, William D.; Loftis, David L.; Chellemi, D. O.

doi:10.1094/pd-78-0398

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…While techniques exist for controlling anthracnose in horticultural settings, techniques for controlling the disease across large areas of continuous forests have proved elusive. Britton et al (1994) found clearcut harvesting reduced the severity of dogwood anthracnose in post-harvest stands. However, creating large clearcuts to benefit a single understory species would be inappropriate and impractical for most ecosystem management plans and is not a management option on parkland such as GSMNP.…”

Section: Ecological Impacts and Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Britton et al (1994) found clearcut harvesting reduced the severity of dogwood anthracnose in post-harvest stands. While techniques exist for controlling anthracnose in horticultural settings, techniques for controlling the disease across large areas of continuous forests have proved elusive.…”

Section: Ecological Impacts and Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cornus florida is currently threatened across much of its range by Discula destructiva Redlin, a destructive fungus that causes dogwood anthracnose (Daughtrey andHibben 1994, Holzmueller et al 2006; see Plate 1). Genetic testing suggests that D. destructiva was introduced recently, possibly from Asia (Britton 1994). Mortality of C. florida has been severe over the past two decades throughout its range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of an Exotic Disease and Vegetation Change on Foliar Calcium Cycling in Appalachian Forests

Jenkins

Jose

White

2007

Ecological Applications

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Because of the high calcium content of its foliage, Cornus florida (flowering dogwood) has been described as a calcium "pump" that draws calcium from deeper mineral soil and enriches surface soil horizons. However, over the last two decades an exotic fungal disease (dogwood anthracnose, Discula destructiva) has decimated populations of this once-common understory species. Its loss, combined with forest stand development, could alter intra-stand calcium cycling. We used data from long-term vegetation monitoring plots to examine the ecological role of C. florida in calcium cycling and to identify changes in annual foliar calcium cycling over a 20-year period between two sampling intervals, 1977-1979 (preanthracnose) and 1995-2000 (post-anthracnose). Published equations were used to estimate foliar biomass per species for five forest types: alluvial, typic cove, acid cove, oak-hickory, and oak-pine. Calcium concentrations derived from foliage samples were used to estimate annual foliar calcium production per species for understory woody stems (<20 cm dbh) and total foliar calcium production for overstory stems (> or =20 cm dbh). At a given level of soil calcium availability, C. florida foliage contained greater concentrations of calcium than three other dominant understory species (Tsuga canadensis, Acer rubrum, and Rhododendron maximum). Between 1977-1979 and 1995-2000, the annual calcium contributions of understory woody vegetation declined across all forest types, ranging from 26% in oak-pine stands to 49% in acid coves. Loss of C. florida was responsible for only 13% of this decline in oak-pine stands, but accounted for 96% of the decline in typic coves. In oak-hickory and oak-pine stands, we observed large increases in the foliar biomass of T. canadensis, a species whose calcium-poor foliage increases soil acidity. Increases in overstory foliar biomass and calcium offset understory losses in three forest types (alluvial, typic coves, and oak-pine) but not in oak-hickory and acid cove stands. Overall, calcium cycling in oak-hickory stands was more negatively affected by the loss of C. florida than the other forest types. Oak-hickory forests comprise over a third of the total forest cover in the eastern United States, and decreases in annual calcium cycling could have cascading effects on forest biota.

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Section: Ecological Impacts and Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Ecological Impacts and Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of an Exotic Disease and Vegetation Change on Foliar Calcium Cycling in Appalachian Forests

Jenkins

Jose

White

2007

Ecological Applications

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“…In a study of timber harvest practices on dogwood populations, Britton et al (1994) documented the highest stem densities of dogwood in clearcut areas. Greenberg et al (2007) reported fruiting dogwood stump sprouts in shelterwood with reserve stands in North Carolina 1-2 years after harvest, in spite of treating the cut stumps with herbicide.…”

Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological consequences of an exotic fungal disease in eastern U.S. hardwood forests

Holzmueller¹,

Jose²,

Jenkins³

2010

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…Site factors affecting solar insolation, air circulation, and evaporation potential have been identified as associated with the incidence and severity of dogwood anthracnose Anderson et al 1994;Britton & Pepper 1994;Daughtrey & Hibben 1994). Important factors are moist conditions at high elevations Anderson et al 1994), north or east aspects Britton & Pepper 1994;Daughtrey & Hibben 1994), dense shade (Daughtrey & Hibben 1994), low evaporation potential ) and proximity to streams (Windham et al 1993a;Daughtrey & Hibben 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gradient analysis of the distribution of a fungal disease of Cornus florida in the southern Appalachian Mountains, Tennessee

Wilds

1997

J Vegetation Science

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Based on 115 samples collected throughout the western portion of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, southern Appalachian Mts., and on spatial data derived in a GIS (Geographical Information System), the distribution of the disease dogwood anthracnose affecting Cornus florida (flowering dogwood), caused by the fungus Discula destructiva in this portion of the Park was assessed, and factors contributing to the disease's severity were identified through correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. The degree of infection varies considerably locally, and is influenced by elevation, slope curvature, slope position, and potential soil moisture. However, the abundance of C. florida (stem density) alone explains 25 % of the variation in disease severity. Factors contributing to disease severity do not change significantly between disturbed and undisturbed sites. The highest mortality rates are restricted to dense stands in damp, sheltered sites at low slope positions, implying that surviving populations of flowering dogwood may represent a biased genetic subset of the original population.

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Effect of Timber Harvest Practices on Populations ofCornus floridaand Severity of Dogwood Anthracnose in Western North Carolina

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Impacts of an Exotic Disease and Vegetation Change on Foliar Calcium Cycling in Appalachian Forests

Impacts of an Exotic Disease and Vegetation Change on Foliar Calcium Cycling in Appalachian Forests

Ecological consequences of an exotic fungal disease in eastern U.S. hardwood forests

Gradient analysis of the distribution of a fungal disease of Cornus florida in the southern Appalachian Mountains, Tennessee

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