Effect of time in lairage on caecal and carcass salmonella contamination of slaughter pigs

Morgan, Ian Rhys; Krautil, F.; Craven, J A

doi:10.1017/s0950268800062075

Cited by 89 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Whenever pigs waited in lairage at the slaughterhouse, an increase in the contamination rate was shown by studies which compared slaughtering on the farm and at the slaughterhouse [15,16]. A study carried out in 1987 also showed that contamination increased with the time spent in lairage, but the times compared (18 h, 42 h and 66 h) are very different from current reality [22]. Three hours in lairage was the reference level considered in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Impact of the Salmonella status of market-age pigs and the pre-slaughter process on Salmonella caecal contamination at slaughter

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the pre-slaughter process on Salmonella caecal contamination of pigs at slaughter. An observational study was carried out in 2001 on 101 conventional farrow-to-finish pig farms. On each farm, one batch of contemporary pigs was followed from the end of the fattening period until slaughter. The Salmonella bacteriological status of the batches was assessed by environmental samples of faecal material. The serological Salmonella status was obtained on 30 individually identified market-age pigs using an indirect ELISA test. At the slaughterhouse, 25 g of caecal contents were taken from 10 of the identified pigs. Faecal and caecal material were analysed according to a classical bacteriological method. A questionnaire was designed to obtain information about the type of feeding during the fattening period (dry versus wet), the duration of fasting on the farm before leaving for the slaughterhouse, the duration of transport between the farm and the slaughterhouse, the holding time in lairage at the slaughterhouse and loading and unloading conditions on the farm and at the slaughterhouse. To assess the relationships between these factors and the Salmonella caecal status of the pigs and the batches, two logistic models were fitted at the individual and at the batch level, respectively. The first analysis was performed using a random effects logistic regression model. The second analysis was based on a cumulative logit model with a positive caecal rate classified into three classes as the outcome variable. The results showed that the Salmonella status of market-age pigs assessed on the farm either by serological or bacteriological examinations and the time spent in lairage before slaughtering played a crucial role on caecal contamination. In the light of these results, actions should be considered both on the farm and at the slaughterhouse to decrease the risk of Salmonella contamination of the caecal contents.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Impact of the Salmonella status of market-age pigs and the pre-slaughter process on Salmonella caecal contamination at slaughter

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Salmonella typhimurium is also a leading cause of foodborne illness in humans (Todd, 1989 ). The ability of infected swine to persist in a subclinical carrier state, yet shed large numbers of Salmonella during periods of stress (Hansen et al, 1964;Williams and Newell, 1970;Morgan et al, 1987) makes them an important reservoir of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of neutrophil function in BCG-treated and non-treated swine after exposure to Salmonella typhimurium

Coe

Frank

Wood

et al. 1992

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Salmonella typhimurium infection in swine causes an enterocolitis followed by a persistent carrier state, but little is known about the mechanisms that allow this organism to colonize and persist in host tissues. Neutrophils provide a first line of defense against invading pathogens such as Salmonella typhimurium. The purpose of this study was to evaluate porcine neutrophil function after in vivo exposure to Salmonella and to determine if the immunomodulator, bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), exerts any effect on neutrophil function or on the colonization and persistence of S. typhimurium in the pig. Compared to negative controls, neutrophils from pigs exposed to S. typhimurium exhibited significantly decreased iodination, cytochrome-C reduction, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, random migration, and chemotaxis (P≤0.05). Neutrophil bactericidal activity against S. typhimurium was significantly enhanced. Most of the significant differences were noted in the first two days after exposure to Salmonella. Often the functional alterations were biphasic, peaking again 7-10 days after exposure. BCG alone significantly depressed random migration and cytochrome-C reduction in unstimulated neutrophils. The clinical course, colonization pattern, and persistence of Salmonella were similar between pigs receiving BCG and untreated pigs. These data suggest that S. typhimurium infection causes a depression in oxidative metabolism and motility, yet an increase in overall bactericidal activity against S. typhimurium in circulating porcine neutrophils. It also appears that BCG treatment, as reported here, does not enhance resistance of pigs to S. typhimurium colonization or reduce the number of persistent organisms in the porcine ileum. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. Salmonella typhimurium infection in swine causes an enterocolitis followed by a persistent carrier state, but little is known about the mechanisms that allow this organism to colonize and persist in host tissues. Neutrophils provide a first line of defense against invading pathogens such as Salmonella typhimurium. The purpose of this study was to evaluate porcine neutrophil function after in vivo exposure to Salmonella and to determine if the immunomodulator, bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG ), exerts any effect on neutrophil function or on the colonization and persistence of S. typhimurium in the pig. Compared to negative controls, neutrophils from pigs exposed to S. typhimurium exhibited significantly decreased iodination, cytochrome-C reduction, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, random migration, and chemotaxis (PS:0.05). Neutrophil bactericidal activity against S. typhimurium was significantly enhanced. Most of the significant differences were noted in the first two days after exposure to Salmonella. Often the functional alterations were biphasic, peaking again 7-10 days after exposure. BCG al...

show abstract

“…Many Salmonella outbreaks are associated with meat and poultry (20), with contamination usually resulting from the carcass coming into contact with the feces of a Salmonella-infected animal during processing (22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage Therapy To Reduce PreprocessingSalmonellaInfections in Market-Weight Swine

Wall

Zhang

Rostagno

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

164

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Contamination of meat products with food-borne pathogens usually results from the carcass coming in contact with the feces of an infected animal during processing. In the case of Salmonella, pigs can become colonized with the organism during transport and lairage from contaminated trailers and holding pens, resulting in increased pathogen shedding just prior to processing. Increased shedding, in turn, amplifies the likelihood of carcass contamination by magnifying the amount of bacteria that enters the processing facility. We conducted a series of experiments to test whether phage therapy could limit Salmonella infections at this crucial period. In a preliminary experiment done with small pigs (3 to 4 weeks old; 30 to 40 lb), administration of an anti-Salmonella phage cocktail at the time of inoculation with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium reduced Salmonella colonization by 99.0 to 99.9% (2-to 3-log reduction) in the tonsils, ileum, and cecum. To test the efficacy of phage therapy in a production-like setting, we inoculated four market-weight pigs (in three replicates) with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and allowed the challenged pigs to contaminate a holding pen for 48 h. Sixteen naïve pigs were randomly split into two groups which received either the anti-Salmonella phage cocktail or a mock treatment. Both groups of pigs were comingled with the challenged pigs in the contaminated pen. Treatment with the anti-Salmonella phage cocktail significantly reduced cecal Salmonella concentrations (95%; P < 0.05) while also reducing (numerically) ileal Salmonella concentrations (90%; P ‫؍‬ 0.06). Additional in vitro studies showed that the phage cocktail was also lytic against several non-Typhimurium serovars.

show abstract

Effect of time in lairage on caecal and carcass salmonella contamination of slaughter pigs

Cited by 89 publications

References 4 publications

Impact of the Salmonella status of market-age pigs and the pre-slaughter process on Salmonella caecal contamination at slaughter

Impact of the Salmonella status of market-age pigs and the pre-slaughter process on Salmonella caecal contamination at slaughter

Alteration of neutrophil function in BCG-treated and non-treated swine after exposure to Salmonella typhimurium

Phage Therapy To Reduce PreprocessingSalmonellaInfections in Market-Weight Swine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About