Effect of time on the formation of hydroxyapatite in PEO process with hydrothermal treatment of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Morphology and antimicrobial properties of hydroxyapatite–titanium oxide layers on the surface of Ti–6Al–4V alloy

“…The layer has morphology typical for the PEO treatment with numerous 0.5-2 μm crater-like pores formed in the course of the oxidation process. The surface morphology is essentially independent on the PEO processing time [11], while the thickness of the oxide layer increases until it reaches~25 μm. So, after 20 min of PEO the thickness of the oxide layer is 9-15 μm (Fig.…”

“…Many researchers (see, for example, [4,10,15]) report that HA has antibacterial properties, but others report that HA favors the formation of bacterial biofilm in the vicinity of an implant causing peri-implantitis and implant failures [16]. We report here some results of an in vitro comparison of the effect on Staphylococcus epidermidis of an unprocessed titanium alloy vs. titanium oxide surface layer vs. hydroxyapatite produced on the alloy by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) with subsequent hydrothermal treatment [11] at various pH values and processing times.…”

“…HA is a naturally occurring apatite and a major mineral component of bones and teeth. The biocompatibility of HA has been thoroughly investigated, and it has been well established that when HA is applied on or included into titanium dioxide surface, it spontaneously bonds with a living bone [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Investigation of the Effectiveness of Dental Implant Osseointegration Characterized by Different Surface Types

“…The thickness of the obtained amorphous layer is equal to 9-15 µm. It was established that the morphology of this surface scarcely depends on the treatment time [11]. The X-ray powder diffraction analysis performed on the coating (Figure 1) showed the relative amounts of calcium and phosphorus as the principal components of the obtained hydroxyapatite crystals.…”

“…The essence of this method is a fusion of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of titanium (Ti-6Al-4V alloy) and a method of hydrothermal treatment which ultimately ensures the formation of a phase of hydroxyapatite [10]. The details of the method were published elsewhere [11]. The hydrothermal treatment was carried out under different conditions: at an alkaline pH of the solution and using different treatment times (2 and 4 h).…”