Largely voided TiO2 nanorod array were synthesized and further modified with a thin layer of α-Fe2O3 (Fe2O3@TiO2) by pyrolysis of FeCl3 ethanol solution as a photoanode toward water oxidation, showing significantly improved photoelectrochemical performance over TiO2 nanorod array. Among all Fe2O3 decorated TiO2-based photoanodes, the optimal voided Fe2O3@TiO2 nanorod array photoanode also delivers the largest photocurrent density of 3.39 mA/cm 2 at 1.23 V (vs RHE) and the highest applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) (1.153%) under 100 mW/cm 2 UV-vis light illumination. In particular, the ABPE for the as-prepared photoanode is ~3.3 times higher than that of plain TiO2 nanorod array (0.35%), ~11.3 times higher than that of the Fe2O3-modified randomly arranged TiO2 nanorods and ~6.2 times higher than that of the Fe2O3-modified densely arranged TiO2 nanotube array, respectively. The significant enhancement is mainly originated from the large voids in the nanorods array allowing a thin layer of Fe2O3 modification to fully modify the TiO2 nanorods, which improves the absorption of UV light, boosts the charge interface transfer rate, reduces the charge diffusion length and suppresses the charge recombination process. This work demonstrates a feasible route to improve the photoelectrochemical catalytic performance of TiO2 semiconductor toward water splitting.