Effect of TiO2-ZnO-MgO Mixed Oxide on Microbial Growth and Toxicity against Artemia salina

Abstract

Mixed oxide nanoparticles (MONs, TiO2–ZnO–MgO) obtained by the sol-gel method were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, (TEM, HRTEM, and SAED) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTGA–DTA). Furthermore, the effect of MONs on microbial growth (growth profiling curve, lethal and sublethal effect) of Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, as well as the toxicity against Artemia salina by the lethal concentration test (LC50) were evaluated. MONs exhibited a near-spherical in shape, polycrystalline structure and mean sizes from 17 to 23 nm. The thermal analysis revealed that the anatase phase of MONs is completed around 480–500 °C. The normal growth of all bacteria tested is affected by the MONs presence compared with the control group. MONs also exhibited a reduction on the plate count from 0.58 to 2.10 log CFU/mL with a sublethal cell injury from 17 to 98%. No significant toxicity within 24 h was observed on A. salina. A bacteriostatic effect of MONs on bacteria was evidenced, which was strongly influenced by the type of bacteria, as well as no toxic effects (LC50 >1000 mg/L; TiO2–ZnO (5%)–MgO (5%)) on A. salina were detected. This study demonstrates the potential of MONs for industrial applications.

Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Against Bacterial Biofilms: Perspectives and Limitations

“…Li-doped MgO NPs are more efficient than pure MgO, whereas Zn and Ti-doped MgO exhibit lower antibacterial activity than MgO [ 22 ]. TiO 2 -ZnO-MgO mixed oxides nanomaterials have a strong antibacterial effect against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria [ 141 ].…”

Effect of TiO2 on Selected Pathogenic and Opportunistic Intestinal Bacteria

“…At the concentration of 500 μg TiO 2 /mL, NPs inhibited the growth of the probiotic formulation by 66 ± 6.1% and 71 ± 5.6% in anaerobic and aerobic conditions, respectively. Significant reduction in the count of E. coli (ATCC 8739), Salmonella paratyphi (ATCC 9150), and L. monocytogenes (ATCC 15,313) (reduction log CFU 0.95 ± 0.01, 0.66 ± 0.01, and 0.58 ± 0.01, respectively) by TiO 2 NPs (15-50 nm, 0.1 mg/mL in the solution) was observed by Anaya-Esparza et al [19]. Ripolles-Avila et al [20] reported that both anatase (crystal phase, 7 nm) and a combination of anatase-rutile (80:20 wt/wt, 21-nm size) in the range from 0.78 to 100 μg TiO 2 /mL of nutrient broth significantly reduced the growth of S. enterica var.…”

Polysaccharide-Based Packaging Functionalized with Inorganic Nanoparticles for Food Preservation

“…Titanium dioxide is one of the most studied inorganic nanoparticles due to their versatility for diverse research areas (materials, physics, gas sensor, energy production, wastewater treatment, cosmetics, and food science) [6,58,59]. The wide use of titanium dioxide is supported by its photocatalytic performance, antimicrobial, electrical, ultravioletblocking, and adsorptive properties, biocompatibility, chemical stability, high surface area, low-cost, and safe production [60,61].…”