Effect of Titanium Tetrafluoride, Amine Fluoride and Fluoride Varnish on Enamel Erosion in vitro

Abstract

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of 1 and 4% titanium tetrafluoride (TiF₄) gels, amine fluoride (AmF) 1 and 0.25% and a fluoride varnish (FP) on the prevention of dental erosion. Two experimental groups served as controls, one with no pretreatment and another one pretreated with a fluoride-free varnish (FP-blanco). Dental erosion was modelled using bovine enamel samples submitted to alternate cycles of acid exposure in citric acid and remineralization in artificial saliva. Calcium loss of all samples involved in the study was quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy and erosion depths were estimated. Two samples of each experimental group were also analyzed by white light confocal microscopy. The cumulative erosion depth (in µm) after 72 min was: TiF₄ gel 1% 8.29 ± 0.39; TiF₄ gel 4% 8.27 ± 0.55; AmF 1% 8.69 ± 0.66; AmF 0.25% 8.86 ± 0.33; FP 3.43 ± 1.07; FP-blanco 14.86 ± 1.59 and control 9.77 ± 0.49. A statistically significant protective effect (p ≤ 0.001) was found only for the group pretreated with the fluoride varnish. Within the limitations of an in vitro study it may be concluded that topical applications of the fluoride varnish tested have a protective effect on the prevention of dental erosion.

Protection of short-time enamel erosion by different tetrafluoride compounds

“…[21][22][23] However, from the results of this pilot study it is concluded that not only TiF 4 , but also ZrF 4 and HfF 4 application provides a potential treatment option for short-time enamel erosion. Thereby, enamel pretreatment with 4% solutions applied for 4 min offered promising results, which were not significantly enhanced by increasing the concentration of the agent or the duration of application.…”

“…[1][2][3] Recently, research into dental erosion focused on the antierosive potential of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF 4 ), which is suggested to be more effective in inhibition of enamel erosion or carious demineralisation than sodium, stannous or amine fluoride. [4][5][6][7] Hove et al 5 reported that TiF 4 (0.5 M F) reduced enamel erosion almost completely (88%), while SnF 2 and NaF treatment resulted in only 50% or 25% protection, respectively.…”

The In Situ Effect of Titanium Tetrafluoride Gel on Erosion/Abrasion Progression in Human Dentin

“…These favorable properties of TiF 4 are, however, dependent on the concentration, pH and presentation form used for application (2,9). As there is still no consensus on the ideal formulation, the manipulated product used in this study was determined by the feasibility and probability of its clinical use in the future.…”

“…TiF 4 has a peculiar mechanism of action and a significant potential in reducing erosion progression (3), however, there is still no consensus on the ideal formulation for this fluoride's clinical use (2,9). The present study investigated the possible anti-erosive effects produced by 4% TiF 4 gel, under in situ conditions, with a simulated high incidence of erosive/abrasive episodes.…”

“…In fact, fluoride products commonly used for caries prevention, as sodium fluoride, amine fluoride and acidulated phosphate fluoride, have proven to be partially effective in controlling erosive lesions (2,3), as they promote the precipitation of minerals like calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) on the eroded surface (4). They form a layer that acts as a physical barrier to the action of acids, apart from acting as a mineral reservoir, which under erosive challenge is able to release calcium and fluoride (5).…”