Effect of tobacco chewing, tobacco smoking and alcohol on all-cause and cancer mortality: A cohort study from Trivandrum, India

Ramadas, Kunnambath; Sauvaget, Catherine; Thomas, Gigi; Fayette, Jean-Marie; Somanathan, Thara; Sankaranarayanan, Rengaswamy

doi:10.1016/j.canep.2010.04.006

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…So there are few inconsistencies within and between countries but the IARC evaluated the evidence for relationship between smoking and liver cancer and found to be sufficient after adjusting for potential confounders. 25 The high risk of all-cause and various specific causes of mortality after adjustment for alcohol consumption among smokers observed in this study is consistent with findings from other studies within India 24,26 and a study from China. 27 Higher HRs among bidi smokers than cigarette smokers for all-cause and for specific causes of death reconfirm bidi smoking being as harmful as cigarette smoking.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tobacco and Alcohol Associated Mortality among Men by Socioeconomic Status in India

Pednekar¹,

Vasa²,

Narake³

et al. 2016

Epidemiol Open J

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…26 For specific causes, such as cancer, the increase in risk observed in our study was similar to other studies within India 26 and outside India. 30 While, for most other causes (such as respiratory, circulatory and digestive system diseases) our findings were little different.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Tobacco and Alcohol Associated Mortality among Men by Socioeconomic Status in India

Pednekar¹,

Vasa²,

Narake³

et al. 2016

Epidemiol Open J

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“…Use of smokeless tobacco is more common among elderly, and in rural and economically disadvantaged communities. 14,15 While the association of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disorders is well known, smokeless tobacco is also a significant risk factor for all-cause mortality, 16 and hypertension. 17 About 10% of all elders, all males smoked Bidi (tobacco hand-rolled in dried leaves, an indigenous form of cigarette).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among rural population of elderly in Wardha district

Joshi

Taksande

Kalantri

et al. 2013

Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research

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a b s t r a c tBackground: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of mortality among adults in India, and their risk factors (tobacco, hypertension, diabetes, overweight, and obesity) are common. Most risk-factor surveys have focused on young and middle aged adults. We measured the prevalence of risk factors for CVD among elderly (age 60 years or more) in rural India. Methods and results: In a door-to-door cross-sectional survey we did a non-laboratory based assessment of risk factors (smoking or tobacco use in any form, diabetes mellitus, either known or newly detected hypertension, abnormal waist-hip-ratio, or a high body mass index) among elderly living in 23 villages in rural central India. Laboratory based assessment of risk factors was done in those who had two or more of the five measured conventional risk factors. We compared the distribution of risk factors between men and women. Among 2424 elderly included in the study (51% women, mean age 67), the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use was 50.8% (95% CI 48.1e52.8; smoking 10.5% (95% CI 9.3e11.8); and hypertension46.3% (95% CI 44.3e48.4). Only 10.2% participants were previously known to have had hypertension, and remaining 36.1% were detected to be hypertensive during the survey. A total of 8.2%(95% CI 7.0e9.5) participants were overweight and 4.1% (95% CI 3.3e4.9) had central obesity. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in those who underwent blood based tests was 40.6% (95% CI 36.5e44.9); and hyperglycemia 4.9% (95% CI 3.2e7.1). Conclusions: Strategies to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disorders among elderly should be focused on reducing tobacco use and early detection and optimal control of hypertension.

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“…The WHO has identified an urgent need to study the health effects of waterpipe smoking 10. Against claims regarding the ‘relative safety’ of such alternative products compared to cigarettes, studies have shown many potential hazards,11–13 but their long-term impact on earlier death is largely unknown 14. Regular use of many such products in the Middle East provides a good opportunity to study this aspect of tobacco toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazards of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and waterpipe in a Middle Eastern Population: a Cohort Study of 50 000 individuals from Iran

et al. 2016

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Background There is limited information about the hazards of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and waterpipe in the Middle East. The aim of this study was to determine the association between different types of tobacco use and earlier death in the Golestan Cohort Study. Methods The Study includes 50,045 adults (aged 40–75) from northeastern Iran. The baseline questionnaire (2004–2008) assessed information about use of cigarettes, chewing tobacco (nass), and waterpipe. To assess the use of each type of tobacco compared with never tobacco users, we used Cox regression models adjusted for age, socioeconomic status, area of residence, education, and other tobacco used, and stratified by sex, ethnicity, and opium use. Results 17% of participants reported a history of cigarette smoking, 7.5% chewing tobacco (nass), and 1.1% smoking waterpipe, and these figures declined in the later birth cohorts. During a median follow-up of 8 years, 4,524 deaths occurred (mean age 64.8±9.9 years). Current (HR=1.44; 95%CI: 1.28–1.61) and former (HR=1.35; 95%CI: 1.16–1.56) cigarette smokers had higher overall mortality relative to never tobacco users. The highest cigarette-associated risk was for cancer death among current heavy smokers (HR=2.32; 95%CI: 1.66–3.24). Current nass chewing was associated with overall mortality (HR=1.16; 95%CI: 1.01–1.34), and there was a 61% higher risk of cancer death in people chewing nass more than 5 times a day. We observed an association between the cumulative lifetime waterpipe use (waterpipe-years>=28) and both overall (HR=1.66; 95%CI: 1.11–2.47), and cancer mortality (HR=2.82; 95%CI: 1.30–6.11). Conclusions Regular use of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and waterpipe were associated with the risk of earlier death (particularly from cancer) in our cohort.

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Effect of tobacco chewing, tobacco smoking and alcohol on all-cause and cancer mortality: A cohort study from Trivandrum, India

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

Tobacco and Alcohol Associated Mortality among Men by Socioeconomic Status in India

Tobacco and Alcohol Associated Mortality among Men by Socioeconomic Status in India

Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among rural population of elderly in Wardha district

Hazards of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and waterpipe in a Middle Eastern Population: a Cohort Study of 50 000 individuals from Iran

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