Effect of toluene on erythrocyte membrane stability under in vivo and in vitro conditions with assessment of oxidant/antioxidant status

Karabulut, İsmail; Balkanci, Zeynep Dicle; Pehlivanoğlu, Bilge; Erdem, Ayşen; Fadıllıoğlu, Ersin

doi:10.1177/0748233709346758

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Therefore, pravastatin can protect the erythrocytes NPSH against primaquine induced oxidation. These findings are in agreement with the previous study established that antioxidants supplementation preserve cellular thiols and maintains the cells integrity 26.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…These findings are in accordance with pervious study reported that in vitro exposure of RBCs to oxidants resulted in damaging of protein in addition to increase PCO formation 27. This may suggest that oxidant drugs increase free radicals production in red blood cells and decrease the activities of antioxidant enzymes 26. Furthermore, proteinases that protect erythrocytes proteins by degrading the oxidatively damaged proteins are lost during oxidative stress 28.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pravastatin Provides Antioxidant Activity and Protection Of Erythrocytes Loaded Primaquine

Alanazi¹

2010

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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Loading erythrocytes with Primaquine (PQ) is advantageous. However, PQ produces damage to erythrocytes through free radicals production. Statins have antioxidant action and are involved in protective effect against situation of oxidative stress. Thus the protective effect of pravastatin (PS) against PQ induced oxidative damage to human erythrocytes was investigated in the current studies upon loading to erythrocytes.The erythrocytes were classified into; control erythrocytes, erythrocytes incubated with either 2 mM of PS or 2 mM of PQ, and erythrocytes incubated with combination of PS plus PQ. After incubation for 30 min, the effect of the drugs on erythrocytes hemolysis as well as some biomarkers of oxidative stress (none protein thiols, protein carbonyl, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) were investigated.Our results revealed that PS maintains these biomarkers at values similar to that of control ones. On the other hand, PQ cause significant increases of protein carbonyl by 115% and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance by 225% while non-protein thiols were significantly decreased by 112 % compared with control erythrocytes. PS pre-incubation before PQ exerts marked reduction of these markers in comparison with PQ alone. Moreover, at NaCl concentrations between 0.4% and 0.8%, PQ causes significant increase of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) hemolysis in comparison with the other groups (P<0. 001). Scanning electron micrograph indicates spherocytes formation by PQ incubation, but in the other groups the discocyte shape of erythrocytes was preserved.The reduction of protein oxidation and lipids peroxidation by PS is related to antioxidants effect of this statin. Preservation of erythrocytes fragility and morphology by PS are related to its free radicals scavenging effect. It is concluded that pravastatin has protective effect against erythrocytes dysfunction related any situations associated with increased oxidative stress, especially when loaded with PQ.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pravastatin Provides Antioxidant Activity and Protection Of Erythrocytes Loaded Primaquine

Alanazi¹

2010

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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“…Malathion is usually dissolved in hydrocarbon solvents, and at present we cannot exclude the possible participation of methylbenzene (toluene) and trimethylbenzene in the reported effects, given that both are present in technical malathion used in the present work. Since it has been shown that toluene produces a number of deleterious biochemical and physiological effects [30][31][32], a synergistic effect could be partially responsible for reduction in antioxidant enzymatic activities. In an interesting work [33], it was shown that short-term treatment for 15-45 days, with a single daily dose of 650 mg ⁄ kg toluene, decreased GSH levels, GR and GPx activity demonstrating that cerebral cortex and cerebellum were the most affected tissues, while apoptosis and lipid peroxidation indices, as well as the glutathione disulphide, increased over treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Effects of Acute Malathion or Zinc Exposure on the Antioxidant Response of Rat Hippocampus and Cerebral Cortex

Maris

Franco

Mitozo³

et al. 2010

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Gender is one of the most important factors in mammalian development and response to exogenous agents. Although there is increasing evidence that health effects of toxic xenobiotics differ in prevalence or are manifested differently in male and female, the molecular mechanisms related to these events remain unclear. In order to investigate the possible influence of gender, male and female Wistar rats from the same litter were exposed to zinc chloride (5 mg ⁄ kg, i.p.) or malathion (250 mg ⁄ kg, i.p.) 24 hr prior to the analyses of biochemical parameters related to the cholinergic and glutathione-antioxidant systems in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. After treatments, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was reduced in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of male and female rats treated with malathion, but the effect was more pronounced in the male group. Glutathione reductase (GR) and c-glutamyl-transpeptidase activities were reduced in the hippocampus of males and females and a gender-specific effect of malathion was seen for glutathione S-transferase (GST), which was decreased only in male hippocampus and cortex, and for male cortical GR. Zinc chloride treatment decreased AChE activity in male and female cerebral cortex, with no obvious effect in the hippocampus. Male-specific antioxidant-related enzyme activity reductions were seen after zinc treatment for cortical GR, GST, glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; and hippocampal GR. These results clearly demonstrate a greater detrimental effect on antioxidant-related enzyme activities in male hippocampus and cerebral cortex when rats were acutely exposed to malathion and zinc, demonstrating that the research on gender-related differences in health effects caused by xenobiotic and ⁄ or essential elements requires further attention.Gender-based differences in the metabolism constitute a major topic in biology, and sex-dependent toxicity permeates the literature for a series of factors. Some examples of research areas where gender differences are important determinants of toxicity are: metal toxicity [1], pharmacokinetics [2], hormone metabolism [3], xenobiotics metabolism [4] and traumatic injury vulnerability [5]. The relevance of studying gender-dependent toxicity has been stressed before: 'Gender may be the most important factor in mammalian development and response to exogenous agents' [6].Incidental or intentional organophosphate intoxication is a relevant health problem in developing countries [7]. Despite the limitation of population analysis, neurobehavioural impairment might be the consequence of an acute poisoning, and possibly the consequence of relatively high and prolonged exposure [8]. Organophosphate has been considered as an important risk factor for depression and correlated to suicide attempts [9] and has been used as a model of depressive-like behaviour in animals [10]. Malathion, a pesticide widely used to fight fleas, lice, mosquitoes and flies, is thought to be one of the main agents leading to human organop...

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“…Some researchers reported that toluene causes tissue damage by increasing the oxygen radicals [26, 27]. According to another hypothesis, toluene increases membrane fluidity by altering the lipid structure of the cell membrane and then affecting the Na/K-ATPase activity [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Acute Toluene Toxicity on Different Regions of Rabbit Brain

Demır

Çiçek

Eser

et al. 2017

Analytical Cellular Pathology

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The acute phase effects of toluene on the brain have been investigated in this study using rabbit brain via histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods. A total of 20 male rabbits were used as control and experimental groups. Moreover, nerve growth factor (NGF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), dopamine (DA), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) tests were performed in order to designate the severity of the biochemical damage. In the biochemical evaluation of the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, substantia nigra, and entorhinal cortex, the TNF-alpha levels in the brain were found to be significantly higher than in the control group. Levels of dopamine, secreted from the substantia nigra, nerve growth factor (NGF) developed from the hippocampal neurons, and GFAP, secreted from astrocyte cells, were detected to be significantly lower in the toluene-administration group than in the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, areas of focal vacuolar degeneration (abscess formation), gliosis, and perivascular demyelination, many pyknotic cells and necrosis were observed. In the toluene-administration group compared to the control group, distinct excessive expansions of the blood vessels and severe degeneration in the structure of cells and also dispersed cell borders were observed. Furthermore, abnormal malformations of the nuclei structure of the oligodendrocyte cells were seen. Bodies of the sequential neurons of the hippocampus in the toluene-administration group were distinctly structurally damaged compared to the control group. In addition, cytoplasm of the cortex cell showed serious immune reactivity in the experimental group.

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Effect of toluene on erythrocyte membrane stability under in vivo and in vitro conditions with assessment of oxidant/antioxidant status

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

Pravastatin Provides Antioxidant Activity and Protection Of Erythrocytes Loaded Primaquine

Pravastatin Provides Antioxidant Activity and Protection Of Erythrocytes Loaded Primaquine

Gender Effects of Acute Malathion or Zinc Exposure on the Antioxidant Response of Rat Hippocampus and Cerebral Cortex

Effects of Acute Toluene Toxicity on Different Regions of Rabbit Brain

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